Direct Numerical Inversion Methods for the Design of Surface Wave-Based Metasurface Antennas: Fundamentals, Realizations, and Perspectives

Bodehou, Modeste; Khalifeh, Khaldoun Al; Jha, Shambhu Nath; Craeye, Christophe

doi:10.1109/map.2022.3169344

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The absence of losses in the surface impedance is imposed in the least-squares sense, while solving the EFIE. The modulation depth is thereafter optimized to achieve a good compromise between the aperture efficiency and the conversion efficiency [14]. The conversion efficiency (ϵ conv ) is defined as the ratio between the radiated power, assuming an infinitely extended grounded slab, and the power provided by the feeder [27].…”

Section: Mts Antenna Design Based On Integral Equation Solution a Int...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zs is the synthesized surface impedance. Details regarding each block of the flowchart can be found in [13], [14].…”

Section: Mts Antenna Design Based On Integral Equation Solution a Int...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resulting synthesis method can be summarized as follows. First a single monopole placed at the center is used to feed the antenna, and the design is carried out accordingly [13], [14]. In case the obtained conversion efficiency is not satisfactory, the SW power reaching the rim is computed (for example with the method proposed in [27]) and the feeder is designed to generate an azimuth illumination inversely proportional to the SW rim power.…”

Section: B Feeder Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This surface impedance has been implemented with coffee bean patches (illustrated in Fig. 6a of [14]) periodically arranged using a square unit cell of size λ/7 using the same procedure as in [14]. The realized antenna is shown in Fig.…”

Section: A Sectoral Conical Beammentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-Feed Metasurface Antennas: Direct Numerical Design and Experimental Validations

et al. 2023

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This paper provides new designs and realizations of leaky-wave (LW) metasurface (MTS) antennas fed at multiple points. The design technique is based on the direct integral-equation solution by the Method of Moments (MoM). The unknown is no longer the current distribution, but the impedance profile itself. The method can be used to generate any shaped radiation pattern in amplitude, phase, and polarization, provided that the antenna area and the feeder illumination are consistent with the shape of the desired radiation pattern. The algorithm can also be used to design multi-functional antennas (multibeam, multiband, dual-polarizion, etc). While multiple feeds are traditionally used to implement multiple fonctionnalities, they may also be required for the efficient generation of a single shaped beam, thus leading to a higher surface-wave (SW) to LW conversion efficiency. The present paper shows for the first time, two realizations of MTS design with the integral equation formalism, which require the usage of multiple feeds: a circularly polarized sectoral conical beam and a dual-polarized broadside beam MTS antenna. The good comparison between measurements and numerical predictions shows the effectiveness of the design method.

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Section: Mts Antenna Design Based On Integral Equation Solution a Int...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zs is the synthesized surface impedance. Details regarding each block of the flowchart can be found in [13], [14].…”

Section: Mts Antenna Design Based On Integral Equation Solution a Int...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Feeder Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Sectoral Conical Beammentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-Feed Metasurface Antennas: Direct Numerical Design and Experimental Validations

et al. 2023

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“…the optimization variables can be chosen as any one of the three quantities. For example, in [2], [19], [25], the optimization variable is the induced surface current density, J. In [3], [4], [10], [11], [17], [21], the authors add explicitly defined surface wave fields, E sw , and optimize their amplitudes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Planar and Conformal, Passive, Lossless Metasurfaces That Beamform

2022

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A general technique for synthesizing both planar and conformal beamforming metasurfaces is presented that utilizes full-wave modeling techniques and rapid optimization methods. The synthesized metasurfaces consist of a patterned metallic cladding supported by a finite-size grounded dielectric substrate. The metasurfaces are modeled using integral equations which accurately account for mutual coupling and the metasurface's finite dimensions. The synthesis technique consists of three phases: a direct solve phase to obtain an initial metasurface design with complex-valued impedances satisfying the desired far-field beam specifications, a subsequent optimization phase that converts the complex-valued impedances to purely reactive ones, and a final patterning phase to realize the purely reactive impedances as a patterned metallic cladding. The optimization phase introduces surface waves which facilitate passivity. The metasurface is optimized using gradient descent with a semi-analytic gradient obtained using the adjoint variable method. Three examples are presented: a low-profile directly-fed metasurface antenna with near perfect aperture efficiency, a scanned-beam reflectarray design with controlled sidelobes, and a conformal metasurface reflectarray. The far-field and near-field performance of the metasurfaces are verified and the bandwidth and loss tolerance of the metasurfaces are investigated. Metasurface, beamforming, conformal, adjoint variable method. INDEX TERMS

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Design of High Gain Metasurface Antenna Using Hybrid African Vulture’s Optimization and Capuchin Search Algorithm for RF Energy Harvesting

Kumar

Sharma²

2023

Wireless Pers Commun

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Direct Numerical Inversion Methods for the Design of Surface Wave-Based Metasurface Antennas: Fundamentals, Realizations, and Perspectives

Cited by 16 publications

References 37 publications

Multi-Feed Metasurface Antennas: Direct Numerical Design and Experimental Validations

Multi-Feed Metasurface Antennas: Direct Numerical Design and Experimental Validations

Design of Planar and Conformal, Passive, Lossless Metasurfaces That Beamform

Design of High Gain Metasurface Antenna Using Hybrid African Vulture’s Optimization and Capuchin Search Algorithm for RF Energy Harvesting

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