Direct, Nondestructive Observation of a Bose Condensate

Andrews, M. R.; Mewes, M.-O.; Druten, N. J. van; Durfee, Dallin; Kurn, D. M.; Ketterle, Wolfgang

doi:10.1126/science.273.5271.84

Cited by 378 publications

(351 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In these cases, what is finally performed is a count of the number of atoms in each level, which is a measurement in the S z basis. On the other hand nondestructive techniques using non-resonant detuned light [36][37][38][39][40][41] have been used to measure the properties of ultracold atomic gases [39][40][41], as well as small and dense atomic condensates [36][37][38]. In particular, in phase contrast imaging (PCI) [36][37][38] coherent light illuminates the BEC and a state dependent phase shift develops in the light.…”

Section: Experimental Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macroscopic quantum information processing using spin coherent states

Byrnes

Rosseau

Khosla

et al. 2015

Optics Communications

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Previously a new scheme of quantum information processing based on spin coherent states of two component Bose-Einstein condensates was proposed (Byrnes et al. Phys. Rev. A 85, 40306(R)). In this paper we give a more detailed exposition of the scheme, expanding on several aspects that were not discussed in full previously. The basic concept of the scheme is that spin coherent states are used instead of qubits to encode qubit information, and manipulated using collective spin operators. The scheme goes beyond the continuous variable regime such that the full space of the Bloch sphere is used. We construct a general framework for quantum algorithms to be executed using multiple spin coherent states, which are individually controlled. We illustrate the scheme by applications to quantum information protocols, and discuss possible experimental implementations. Decoherence effects are analyzed under both general conditions and for the experimental implementation proposed.

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Section: Experimental Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macroscopic quantum information processing using spin coherent states

Byrnes

Rosseau

Khosla

et al. 2015

Optics Communications

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“…The method is applied to a dipole trapped atomic sample but with the same success it can be expanded to BoseEinstein condensates, where the optical density is much higher and the absorption imaging does not give the necessary contrast [8]. Moreover, our pulsed detection scheme allows for microsecond timescale monitoring of processes and phenomena taking place in an atomic cloud with a few thousand atoms, which in other cases as absorption or fluorescence imaging are not visible due to the limited measurement bandwidth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been shown [6] that, in the case of dense atomic samples, non-invasive detection methods are more powerful than the absorption imaging and fluorescence techniques [7]. Non-destructive phase-contrast imaging has already been demonstrated for sodium BEC in a magnetic trap [8]. The technique of contrast enhancement by implementation of a π/2 phase-shift between scattered and imaging light is an improved non-destructive dark-ground imaging technique [9], where the off-resonant light is used to image the BEC cloud on a CCD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nondestructive interferometric characterization of an optical dipole trap

et al. 2007

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A method for non-destructive characterization of a dipole trapped atomic sample is presented. It relies on a measurement of the phase-shift imposed by cold atoms on an optical pulse that propagates through a free space Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Using this technique we are able to determine, with very good accuracy, relevant trap parameters such as the atomic sample temperature, trap oscillation frequencies and loss rates. Another important feature is that our method is faster than conventional absorption or fluorescence techniques, allowing the combination of high-dynamical range measurements and a reduced number of spontaneous emission events per atom.

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“…In this paper we want to investigate these mode functions in detail and show how they reflect a special symmetry of the system. We disuss how this symmetry property could be observed in phase-contrast imaging measurements [7,8] and comment on the feasibility of its observation in inelastic light sacttering. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Before we derive (0.2) we wish to illustrate this property by discussing how it could be observed in an experiment. One possibility to observe density fluctuations is by the direct observation of a condensate by phase-contrast imaging [7,8]. A beam of light off resonace with any atomic transition accumulates a phase shift on its way through the condensate, which is proportional to the density of atoms integrated along its optical path.…”

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confidence: 99%

Hidden symmetry of collisionless sound of Bose condensates in anisotropic traps

Fliesser

Graham

1999

Phys. Rev. A

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We derive a symmetry property for the Fourier-transform of the collisionless sound modes of Bose condensates in anisotropic traps connected with a somewhat hidden conservation law. We discuss its possible observation by dispersive light scattering. : 03.75.Fi,05.30.Jp,42.50.Gy Since the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensates in trapped alkali gases [1][2][3] at ultralow temperatures numerous aspects of these systems have been investigated both from the experimental and the theoretical side. Adding a time dependent perturbation to the trap potential the lowest frequencies of the density oscillation spectrum were measured by observing condensate shape oscillations either by time of flight measurements [4][5][6] or by dispersive light scattering [7]. In this paper we want to investigate these mode functions in detail and show how they reflect a special symmetry of the system. We disuss how this symmetry property could be observed in phase-contrast imaging measurements [7,8] and comment on the feasibility of its observation in inelastic light sacttering. PACSWe restrict ourselves to the density fluctuations of energies much smaller than the chemical potential (hω ≪ µ) of a trapped Bose condensate at temperature T = 0. The equations governing these collisionless sound modes in a weakly interacting system in mean field approximation can be written in the form of hydrodynamic equations [9,10]. For isotropic [9], axially symmetric [14] and even fully anisotropic harmonic traps [16] the solutions of these equations can be classified in terms of three quantum numbers. We consider these mode functions in Fourier space where we scale all momenta by k i =k i mω 2 i /2µ for i = x, y, z with chemical potential µ and trap frequency ω i in direction i.Before going into any technical details we state the central result of this paper and discuss how it may be tested experimentally: We show in this paper that the Fourier transformφ(k) of the mode functions for traps of arbitrary anisotropy factorizes into a radial part depending only on the modulus of the scaled wave vectortimes an angular part g(θ k , φ k ) depending only on the two angles θ k , φ k of spherical coordinates in scaled Fourier space. Furthermore the radial part does not depend on the trap anisotropy anymore and can be determined explicitly. We simply have 1

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Direct, Nondestructive Observation of a Bose Condensate

Cited by 378 publications

References 13 publications

Macroscopic quantum information processing using spin coherent states

Macroscopic quantum information processing using spin coherent states

Nondestructive interferometric characterization of an optical dipole trap

Hidden symmetry of collisionless sound of Bose condensates in anisotropic traps

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