Direct mechanocatalysis by resonant acoustic mixing (RAM)

Lennox, Cameron; Borchers, Tristan H.; Gonnet, Lori; Barrett, Christopher J.; Koenig, Stefan G.; Nagapudi, Karthik; Friščić, Tomislav

doi:10.1039/d3sc01591b

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…After determining the η ‐sweet spot in the Suzuki reaction for a coated milling vessel without milling medium, we aimed to improve the mixing further. Hence, we transferred the system to a RAM that can mix substrates without milling medium in a more efficient manner [9a] . To facilitate this, we designed a custom 25 mL milling vessel and holder for a LabRAM II (Figure S2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milling Medium‐Free Suzuki Coupling by Direct Mechanocatalysis: From Mixer Mills to Resonant Acoustic Mixers**

Wohlgemuth,

Schmidt,

Mayer

et al. 2023

Chemistry A European J

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Here we describe the development of a sustainable and cost‐effective approach for catalytic cross‐coupling reactions in mechanochemistry. It is found that the substrate's impact with the vessel wall alone is sufficient to initiate the reaction, indicating that milling balls function primarily as a mixing agent for the direct mechanocatalytic Suzuki coupling. The absence of milling balls can be offset by adjusting the rheology using liquid‐assisted grinding (LAG). The LAG‐sweet spot of 0.25 μl/mg is confirmed for both resonance acoustic mixer (RAM) and ball‐free mixer mills and is higher than in the presence of milling balls. The RAM exhibits excellent performance in the Suzuki reaction, achieving yields of 90% after 60 minutes and complete conversion after 90 minutes. The longevity of the milling vessel is significantly improved in the RAM, allowing for at least 20 reactions without deterioration.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milling Medium‐Free Suzuki Coupling by Direct Mechanocatalysis: From Mixer Mills to Resonant Acoustic Mixers**

Wohlgemuth,

Schmidt,

Mayer

et al. 2023

Chemistry A European J

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“…The proof of concept of this pioneering concept was accomplished by the effective synthesis of triazoles by means of copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide click-coupling (CuAAC) activated by RAM. 15a…”

Section: Milling Equipment and Reaction Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salient Achievements in Synthetic Organic Chemistry Enabled by Mechanochemical Activation

Juaristi

Avila‐Ortiz

2023

Synthesis

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Although known for millenia, it is only recently that mechanochemistry has caught serious attention by many chemists. Indeed, during the past 15 years an extraordinary number of reports concerning solid-state chemical transformations through grinding and milling techniques has been recorded. This short review discusses the circumstances that led to such renaissance, highlighting the present intense interest in so-called green chemistry, the enabling capacity of mechanochemistry to handle insoluble substrates, and the finding of the profound influence that additives can have on mechanochemically activated reactions. The core of this account focuses on salient developments in synthetic organic chemistry, especially in amino acid and peptide mechanosynthesis, the successful employment of mechanochemical activation in combination with asymmetric organocatalysis, the promising combination of mechanochemical activation with enzymatic and whole cell biocatalysis, and the remarkable achievement of multicomponent selective reactions via complex, multistep reaction pathways. The final section is dedicated to comment on some pending tasks in the area, such as scaling-up of milling processes to be of practical use in the chemical industry, the requirement of easier and more efficient control of reaction parameters and monitoring devices, and consequently the careful analysis of additional procedures for a proper understanding of mechanochemical phenomena.

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“…20–22 However, it wasn't until recent decades that the full potential of mechanochemistry began to be realized. Today, this field offers a versatile platform for green and sustainable chemistry, 23,24 with applications ranging from pharmaceuticals 25–27 to catalysis, 28–33 and materials science. 34,35…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Halogen-bonded cocrystals via resonant acoustic mixing

Nari,

Ovens,

Bryce

2024

RSC Mechanochem.

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Direct mechanocatalysis by resonant acoustic mixing (RAM)

Abstract: We demonstrate the use of a metal surface to directly catalyse copper-catalysed alkyne-azide click-coupling (CuAAC) reactions under the conditions of Resonant Acoustic Mixing (RAM) – a recently introduced and scalable...

Cited by 16 publications

References 65 publications

Milling Medium‐Free Suzuki Coupling by Direct Mechanocatalysis: From Mixer Mills to Resonant Acoustic Mixers**

Milling Medium‐Free Suzuki Coupling by Direct Mechanocatalysis: From Mixer Mills to Resonant Acoustic Mixers**

Salient Achievements in Synthetic Organic Chemistry Enabled by Mechanochemical Activation

Halogen-bonded cocrystals via resonant acoustic mixing

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