Direct measurement of the Raman enhancement factor of rhodamine 6G on graphene under resonant excitation

Deng, Shibin; Xu, Weigao; Wang, Jinying; Ling, Xi; Wu, Juanxia; Xie, Liming; Kong, Jing; Dresselhaus, M. S.; Zhang, Jin

doi:10.1007/s12274-014-0490-3

Cited by 27 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…On one hand, a comparison among the AEFs from the different samples reveals a significant enhancement effect when nanocrystalline titania and graphene sheets are integrated in the same matrix. The green bars in Figure 5b are accountable for a pure GERS effect, since the silica matrix does not affect the Raman enhancement, and return values ranging from 2.8 to 3.1, which are comparable with those reported in the literature for Raman enhancement of Rh6G signals deposited on graphene 11. On the other hand, the ERS effect from a nanoanatase titania matrix is clearly higher (from 8.7 to 11) than GERS from graphene, even if a direct comparison should be done with care because of the different active interfaces which are involved in the two materials.…”

supporting

confidence: 86%

Introducing Ti-GERS: Raman Scattering Enhancement in Graphene-Mesoporous Titania Films

Carboni

Lasio

Loche

et al. 2015

J. Phys. Chem. Lett.

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Graphene sheets increase the Raman signal through a chemical enhancement mechanism which gives rise to graphene-mediated enhanced Raman scattering (GERS).The low enhancement factor and the surface available for analysis are, however, a limitation on the application of graphene-mediated enhanced Raman scattering (ERS).We have, therefore, developed a new GERS platform, which is based on mesoporous ordered films made of titania anatase containing dispersed sheets of exfoliated graphene. The analytical enhancement factor has revealed that the combination of titania and graphene produces a significant increase in GERS response using Rhodamine 6G as molecular probe. This is a new effect, which we have defined as Ti-GERS (Titania-induced Graphene-mediated ERS) and is attributed to synergic interfacial interactions between graphene sheets and titania at the nanocrystals edges within the nanocomposite. In the future, the Ti-GERS effect is expected to foster a

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supporting

confidence: 86%

Introducing Ti-GERS: Raman Scattering Enhancement in Graphene-Mesoporous Titania Films

Carboni

Lasio

Loche

et al. 2015

J. Phys. Chem. Lett.

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“…3a ). Dipping, dropping and thermal evaporation are commonly used methods to deposit target molecules on SERS substrates 8 , 17 , 34 . Here, in order to avoid the uncertainty arisen from different numbers of adsorbed molecules or undesired molecule aggregation, we used vacuum thermal evaporation to deposit 0.2 nm thick R6G, copper phthalocyanine (CuPc), or Protopphyrin IX (PPP) molecules on the testing substrates.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman enhancement on ultra-clean graphene quantum dots produced by quasi-equilibrium plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition

et al. 2018

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Graphene is regarded as a potential surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate. However, the application of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) has had limited success due to material quality. Here, we develop a quasi-equilibrium plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition method to produce high-quality ultra-clean GQDs with sizes down to 2 nm directly on SiO2/Si, which are used as SERS substrates. The enhancement factor, which depends on the GQD size, is higher than conventional graphene sheets with sensitivity down to 1 × 10−9 mol L−1 rhodamine. This is attributed to the high-quality GQDs with atomically clean surfaces and large number of edges, as well as the enhanced charge transfer between molecules and GQDs with appropriate diameters due to the existence of Van Hove singularities in the electronic density of states. This work demonstrates a sensitive SERS substrate, and is valuable for applications of GQDs in graphene-based photonics and optoelectronics.

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“…The results show that the EF varies from 5.5 to 63.5 for different vibrational modes. 20 Deng et al 21 reported the EF of R6G on graphene ranging between 1.7 and 5.6 for four Raman modes. In most cases, the EFs of GERS range between 0.3 and 10 2 .…”

Section: Gersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20,29−31 In addition, the dependences of the GERS effect on the laser wavelength and polarization are considered. 21,28 Before discussing the characteristics of the GERS effect, it is worth mentioning that the interference effect from the SiO 2 /Si substrate, which we commonly used to support graphene, plays an important role in observing the Raman signal. 19 Strong interference enhancement occurs at 300 nm of SiO 2 layer, which is ideal to observe the Raman signal from both GERS and non-GERS systems and shows the EFs for some molecules.…”

Section: Gersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11,12,32 However, graphene plays an important role in stabilizing the dye molecules and shows improved endurance to high laser power and stable Raman signals with exposure time. 21 Moreover, benefiting from the flatness of graphene, the distribution of the molecules on graphene can be very uniform, 26 which leads to a uniform lighting-up of the molecules.…”

Section: Stabilization and Uniformity Of Molecules On Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

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Lighting Up the Raman Signal of Molecules in the Vicinity of Graphene Related Materials

et al. 2015

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Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a popular technique to detect the molecules with high selectivity and sensitivity. It has been developed for 40 years, and many reviews have been published to summarize the progress in SERS. Nevertheless, how to make the SERS signals repeatable and quantitative and how to have deeper understanding of the chemical enhancement mechanism are two big challenges. A strategy to target these issues is to develop a Raman enhancement substrate that is flat and nonmetal to replace the conventional rough and metal SERS substrate. At the same time, the newly developed substrate should have a strong interaction with the adsorbate molecules to guarantee strong chemical enhancement. The flatness of the surface allows better control of the molecular distribution and configuration, while the nonmetal surface avoids disturbance of the electromagnetic mechanism. Recently, graphene and other two-dimensional (2D) materials, which have an ideal flat surface and strong chemical interaction with plenty of organic molecules, were developed to be used as Raman enhancement substrates, which can light up the Raman signals of the molecules, and these substrates were demonstrated to be a promising for microspecies or trace species detection. This effect was named "graphene enhanced Raman scattering (GERS)". The GERS technique offers significant advantages for studying molecular vibrations due to the ultraflat and chemically inert 2D surfaces, which are newly available, especially in developing a quantitative and repeatable signal enhancement technique, complementary to SERS. Moreover, GERS is a chemical mechanism dominated effect, which offers a valuable model to study the details of the chemical mechanism. In this Account, we summarize the systematic studies exploring the character of GERS. In addition, as a practical technique, the combination of GERS with a metal substrate incorporates the advantages from both conventional SERS and GERS. The introduction of graphene to the Raman enhancement substrate extended SERS applications in a more controllable and quantitative way. Looking to the future, we expect the combination of the SERS concept with the GERS technology to lead to the solution of some important issues in chemical dynamics and in biological processes monitoring.

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Direct measurement of the Raman enhancement factor of rhodamine 6G on graphene under resonant excitation

Cited by 27 publications

References 28 publications

Introducing Ti-GERS: Raman Scattering Enhancement in Graphene-Mesoporous Titania Films

Introducing Ti-GERS: Raman Scattering Enhancement in Graphene-Mesoporous Titania Films

Raman enhancement on ultra-clean graphene quantum dots produced by quasi-equilibrium plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition

Lighting Up the Raman Signal of Molecules in the Vicinity of Graphene Related Materials

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