Direct measurement of the force required to disrupt and remove fouling deposits of whey protein concentrate

Liu, W.; Christian, G.K.; Zhang, Zhibing; Fryer, P.J.

doi:10.1016/j.idairyj.2005.02.008

Cited by 56 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…6. As can be seen, the higher the biomass level analysed, the smaller the apparent adhesive strength, which implies the cohesion between the biomass was weaker than the adhesion between the biomass and substrate (Liu et al 2006).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of bacterial adhesion and removal in a flow chamber by micromanipulation measurements

2007

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Flow device analyses and micromanipulation were used to assess the adhesive and cohesive integrity of the immobilised bacterial populations (biomass) of Pseudomonas fluorescens, which were harvested at different growth times and applied to a substrate made of stainless steel subsequently accommodated in a specially designed flow chamber. After the biomass was exposed to a fluidic environment for a period of time, the biomass samples were removed from the flow chamber and the apparent adhesion and cohesion of the remaining biomass was measured using a micromanipulation technique. The surface area of the substrate covered by the biomass exposed to the fluid flow was monitored by a digital camera and then quantified by image analysis. The results indicate a strong correlation between micromanipulation measurements and flow chamber experiments. The micromanipulation data show that the apparent adhesive strength of the biomass increased with the growth time. Moreover, the apparent adhesive strength was found to be stronger than the bacterial cohesive strength. The data was used to interpret the removal behaviour of the biomass from the flow chamber. Using these techniques, specific mechanisms of biomass detachment from a surface and optimised cleaning strategies can be postulated.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of bacterial adhesion and removal in a flow chamber by micromanipulation measurements

2007

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“…This observation is a great aspect to be used in cleaning optimization since it allows removing more grime using a lower amount of energy. It is worth mentioning that the energies employed in these experimental conditions are much higher than the typical apparent adhesive forces reported for protein-based deposits on stainless steel which are in the order of magnitude of 10 -6 J.mm -2 [33]. For dry samples, even after applying more energy than the typical adhesion range, only a partial cleaning is perceived.…”

Section: Cleaning Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 89%

The Tribology of Cleaning Processes

2016

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The effect of different chemistries on cleaning of hard surfaces has widely been investigated. However, a fundamental understanding of the physical aspects involved in grime removal is yet to be established. A series of surface experiments are presented in this paper to determine the mechanical properties of cleaning processes. Experimental results showed that tribology is a powerful tool to investing the mechanical forces associated with cleaning of soiled surfaces. Analysis of protein-based soil removal from stainless steel suggests that friction coefficient decreases by nearly 28 and 75% for dry and wet samples, respectively, with an increase of 8 times in the normal load. The study also indicates a reduction of the coefficient of friction with an increase in frequency due to the reduced adhesion of counterface pin material on the sample and the possible localized softening of the soil surface. Tests performed using wet samples revealed that friction coefficient significantly decreases as a consequence of the water content. The effect of load on wet samples was mainly observed for short soaking periods (5 minutes). Specimens soaked for 45 minutes showed about 84% lower friction coefficient compared to dry samples but no significant dependency on the applied load. The volume of soil removed was higher for experiments presenting lower friction coefficients. Finally, wet cleaning promoted a higher cleaning efficiency requiring less energy to remove more soil. Overall it was established that purely mechanical forces are not sufficient to complete the cleaning process. Future work investigating the relationship of these tribological aspects with the chemistry of cleaning is to be expected.

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“…Thus, cleaning is a must in food industries. Many studies have been done in exploring the factors that caused fouling deposit formation on the food processing equipment (Liu et al, 2006a;Liu et al, 2006b;Gilham et al, 1999;Gilham et al, 2000;Christian and Fryer, 2006). However, fouling deposit research on Malaysia food productions (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Single stage alkaline-based cleaning detergent was used in many cleaning studies. For instance, Law et al (2009) and Liu et al (2006b) used sodium hydroxide. While Ho et al (2010) used sodium oxide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkaline Cleaning-in-Place of Pink Guava Puree Fouling Deposit Using Lab-scale Cleaning Test Rig

Khalid¹,

Aziz²,

Aziz³

et al. 2014

Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia

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Direct measurement of the force required to disrupt and remove fouling deposits of whey protein concentrate

Cited by 56 publications

References 13 publications

Characterisation of bacterial adhesion and removal in a flow chamber by micromanipulation measurements

Characterisation of bacterial adhesion and removal in a flow chamber by micromanipulation measurements

The Tribology of Cleaning Processes

Alkaline Cleaning-in-Place of Pink Guava Puree Fouling Deposit Using Lab-scale Cleaning Test Rig

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