“…To facilitate progress in this area, a target-plate experiment was developed on the Large Helical Device (LHD) [34]. The development was described in reference [35], and a preliminary geometrical-optics analysis was done in reference [36]; however, the beam profile and mode conversion were not investigated, because they could not be modeled with the code available at that time. Here, we fill this gap by comparing experimental data with PARADE simulations, which account for diffraction, inhomogeneous dissipation, shear-driven mode conversion in the plasma periphery, and also dissipation-driven mode conversion near EC resonances.…”