Direct measurement of part‐per‐billion levels of dimethyl sulfoxide in water by gas chromatography with stacked injection and chemiluminescence detection

Abstract

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a chemical of industrial significance with many important applications. DMSO is used as an industrial solvent, in drug delivery and healthcare applications, among others. Analysis of DMSO in water typically involves extensive sample preparation, enrichment, and derivatization to improve solute detectability. A novel gas chromatographic procedure has been developed for the direct measurement of trace levels of DMSO in an aqueous matrix, such as potable water. The technology utilizes stacked injection techniques for in-column solute enrichment, a precolumn to enhance solute focusing effects, and sulfur chemiluminescence detection for matrix suppression and sensitivity. A detection limit of 2 parts per billion (ppb) (v/v) of DMSO in water was attained. Relative precision of less than 7% at the concentration of 10 ppb (v/v) of DMSO was demonstrated. A correlation coefficient of 0.9988 was obtained over a range of 2 ppb (v/v) to 100 ppb (v/v). No detectable carry-over was found at the 5 ppb (v/v) level whereas less than 4% carry-over was observed at the 100 ppb (v/v) level. Various sample storage media including glass, polyethylene, and polycarbonate were also studied to minimize solute loss. Recoveries greater than 84% were achieved with all storage media tested. The method was found to be reliable and simple to implement.

Microwave Sensor for the Determination of DMSO Concentration in Water–DMSO Binary Mixture

“…Our study allows for an evaluation of the electrical response of mixed DMSO/water in the microwave frequency range across a wide concentration range, including extremely high concentrations. The analysis of mixed DMSO/water commonly involves a variety of techniques, including GC [ 9 ], HPLC [ 10 ], MS [ 11 ], NIR [ 12 , 29 , 30 ], OSSCAR [ 13 ], soft X-ray [ 22 ], dielectric spectroscopy [ 26 ], and Raman spectroscopy [ 31 ]. GC, MS, and HPLC are renowned for their exceptional performance in measuring mixed DMSO/water, owing to their ability to offer high resolution, specificity, and sensitivity features.…”

“…Therefore, measuring and monitoring the DMSO concentration is very important. Many methods exist for detecting the DMSO concentration, such as gas chromatography (GC) [ 9 ], high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [ 10 ], mass spectrometry (MS) [ 11 ], near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy [ 12 ], and the organic sulfur sequential chemical analysis robot (OSSCAR) [ 13 ]. In addition to measuring the DMSO concentration, research has also been conducted on the behavior resulting from the mixing of DMSO with water.…”

Flow injection gas chromatography with sulfur chemiluminescence detection for the analysis of total sulfur in complex hydrocarbon matrixes

“…semivolatile sulfur-containing compounds in various matrices. A number of selective detectors, such as flame photometric detector (FPD) and its variants, sulfur chemiluminescence detector (SCD), atomic emission detector, and mass spectrometry detector have been applied successfully for the selective determination of sulfur compounds [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. As sulfur selective detectors, both SCD and FPD utilize the chemiluminescent reactions of sulfur compounds in a hydrogen/air flame to achieve selective and sensitive detection of these specific compounds.…”