Direct links between the vernalization response and other key traits of cereal crops

Deng, Wei‐Wei; Casao, M. Cristina; Wang, Penghao; Sato, Kazuhiro; Hayes, Patrick; Finnegan, E. Jean; Trevaskis, Ben

doi:10.1038/ncomms6882

Cited by 177 publications

(163 citation statements)

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“…S4). Recently, VRN1 has been shown to directly bind to the OS2 promoter in barley (Deng et al, 2015), and OS2 expression is reduced in barley lines with highly expressed VRN1; however, vrn1 mutants in barley do not effect OS2 expression before vernalization (Greenup et al, 2010). In contrast with barley, OS2 levels are elevated in B. distachyon with reduced VRN1 mRNA levels but do not change relative to the wild type when VRN1 is up-regulated in amiVRN2 lines (Fig.…”

Section: Reduction Of Bdvrn1 Expression Results In Delayed Floweringmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…VRN1 levels increase during cold and remain elevated following cold (Trevaskis et al, 2003;Yan et al, 2003;Sasani et al, 2009), and this correlates with the stable reduction of VRN2 during and after cold exposure (Yan et al, 2004). Recently, it was shown that VRN1 binds to the VRN2 promoter and thus directly regulates VRN2 expression (Deng et al, 2015). Furthermore, mutations in the wheat VRN1 locus result in elevated VRN2 expression and delayed flowering (Chen and Dubcovsky, 2012).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Evolution of VRN2/Ghd7-Like Genes in Vernalization-Mediated Repression of Grass Flowering

et al. 2016

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Flowering of many plant species is coordinated with seasonal environmental cues such as temperature and photoperiod. Vernalization provides competence to flower after prolonged cold exposure, and a vernalization requirement prevents flowering from occurring prior to winter. In winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare), three genes VRN1, VRN2, and FT form a regulatory loop that regulates the initiation of flowering. Prior to cold exposure, VRN2 represses FT. During cold, VRN1 expression increases, resulting in the repression of VRN2, which in turn allows activation of FT during long days to induce flowering. Here, we test whether the circuitry of this regulatory loop is conserved across Pooideae, consistent with their niche transition from the tropics to the temperate zone. Our phylogenetic analyses of VRN2-like genes reveal a duplication event occurred before the diversification of the grasses that gave rise to a CO9 and VRN2/Ghd7 clade and support orthology between wheat/barley VRN2 and rice (Oryza sativa) Ghd7. Our Brachypodium distachyon VRN1 and VRN2 knockdown and overexpression experiments demonstrate functional conservation of grass VRN1 and VRN2 in the promotion and repression of flowering, respectively. However, expression analyses in a range of pooids demonstrate that the cold repression of VRN2 is unique to core Pooideae such as wheat and barley. Furthermore, VRN1 knockdown in B. distachyon demonstrates that the VRN1-mediated suppression of VRN2 is not conserved. Thus, the VRN1-VRN2 feature of the regulatory loop appears to have evolved late in the diversification of temperate grasses.The initiation of flowering is a major developmental transition in the plant life cycle. When flowering initiates, shoot apical meristems shift from forming vegetative organs such as leaves to forming flowers. In many plant species, flowering occurs at a particular time of year in response to the sensing of seasonal cues such as changes in day length and temperature. In some plants adapted to temperate climates, exposure to the prolonged cold of winter (vernalization) results in the ability to flower in the next growing season (Chouard, 1960;Amasino, 2010). Although vernalization ultimately enables flowering, vernalization responsiveness is typically an adaptation to ensure that flowering does not occur prematurely in the fall season. This has obvious adaptive value; for example, many vernalization-responsive plants become established in the fall season (during which flowering would not lead to successful reproduction) and then rapidly flower in the spring when conditions for reproduction and seed maturation are optimal.The grass family (Poaceae) originated approximately 70 million years ago as part of the tropical forest understory. However, grasses have since diversified across the globe occupying a variety of ecological niches (Kellogg, 2001). Exemplifying this, the ;3,800 species of grass subfamily Pooideae, including the economically important cereals wheat (Triticum aestivum, Triticeae), barley (...

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Section: Reduction Of Bdvrn1 Expression Results In Delayed Floweringmentioning

confidence: 73%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of VRN2/Ghd7-Like Genes in Vernalization-Mediated Repression of Grass Flowering

et al. 2016

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“…From these studies, however, it is not entirely clear whether it is VRN1 itself, or very closely linked genes, that is responsible. However, using a transgenic approach combined with chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and RNA sequencing, Deng et al [119] showed that in barley grown at 16 h photoperiod, VRN1 binds to the promoter of several CBF genes. After short-term cold exposure, when the expression level of VRN1 is still very low, Oliver et al [120] found similar kinetics in the initial transcription of VRN1 and COR14B upon cold exposure (24 h) in barley.…”

Section: Regulation Of Leaf Growth Versus Freezing Resistance In Springmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Regulation of the Balance between Productivity and Overwintering of Perennial Grasses in a Warmer Climate

Ergon

2017

Agronomy

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Seasonal growth patterns of perennial plants are linked to patterns of acclimation and de-acclimation to seasonal stresses. The timing of cold acclimation (development of freezing resistance) and leaf growth cessation in autumn, and the timing of de-acclimation and leaf regrowth in spring, is regulated by seasonal cues in the environment, mainly temperature and light factors. Warming will lead to new combinations of these cues in autumn and spring. Extended thermal growing seasons offer a possibility for obtaining increased yields of perennial grasses at high latitudes. Increased productivity in the autumn may not be possible in all high latitude regions due to the need for light during cold acclimation and the need for accumulating a carbohydrate storage prior to winter. There is more potential for increased yields in spring due to the availability of light, but higher probability of freezing events in earlier springs would necessitate a delay of de-acclimation, or an ability to rapidly re-acclimate. In order to optimize the balance between productivity and overwintering in the future, the regulation of growth and acclimation processes may have to be modified. Here, the current knowledge on the coordinated regulation of growth and freezing resistance in perennial grasses is reviewed.

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“…The conducted analysis of of literature in recent years demonstrates the significance achievements of problems in the study of adaptability and adaptation of plant populations (Suley, 1989;Kyyak, 2014;Moskalets et al, 2016c) and prompts it to further development of analytical approaches, including the comparison of of vital functions occurring between different organisms in biocenosis not only of rare, relict and endemic plants, but also cultural species (Moskalets, Rybalchenko, 2015). The sharp aggravation of environmental situation as a result of anthropogenic impact induces to search for new forms of crops and the ways of realization their sustainability (Jones et al, 2012;Deng et al, 2015;Moskalets et al, 2016b). To resist extremal conditions can genotypes highly plastic, tread properties are determined by genetic, morphological, physiological and biochemical and biocoenotical mechanisms (Shpylchyn et al, 2010;Moskalets et al, 2016a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Learning new plant forms of T. аestivum, T. trispecies, S. cereale in new growth conditions for them, allows to identify the number of promising biotypes, an important advantage which are the most complete implementation of the above conditions biopotential (Deng et al, 2015), with the highest possible manifestations of ecological tolerance to adverse abiotic and biotic factors, including exciters epiphytoties (Hof et al, 2011). Species-consort are migrating geographically constant modification (Minden et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptability and stability mechanisms of Triticeae tribe to epiphytoparasites in anthropical ecosystem

Москалец

Vasylkivskyi

et al. 2017

Ukr J Ecol

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The most numerous and malicious types of pathogens fungal diseases of plants cultural cereals -Triticum аestivum L., Secale cereale L. та Triticum trispecies Shulind. in conditions of anthropical ecosystem Central Right-bank Forest-Steppe are Microdochium nivale (Fr.), Blumeria graminis (DC.) f. sp. tritici Speer, Puccinia recondita Rob. ex. Desm f. sp. tritici та Tillitia caries (Tul.), Tillitia secalis (Korda, Kuhn) etc., manifestation of parasitism depends on genotypical, phenotypical, ontogenetical peculiarities plants, growing conditions. According to the results of years of research (2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016) highlighted group of plant formsthat are characterized by mono-, two-and polyfacet of resistance epiphytoparasites. That peculiarity owning heterogeneous or multilinearity plant forms (Аriivkа, Yuvivata 60, КС 1, Л 3-95, Л 4639/96), formed as a result of hybridization and repeated bekrossing and selected from hybrid populations by means individual and mass selections. The mechanism of plant genetic heterogeneity of the aforementioned forms due to the presence of multivariate phenetical markers -components of the spectra gliadin proteins (6А1, 6А4, 6В1, 6В3 etc.), as well as the phenotypical and ontogenetical their homogeneity, which increases the resistance of plant populations to adverse biotic stress environment. Among the studied assortment varietal plants tribe Triticeae, medium higher stability of some of them to the spectrum specified above epiphytoparasites caused by their variety individuals, which, mass and individual selection as a result of the reproduction, give rise to whole families -point populations (manifesting different firmness to one and the same species and races of pathogens, including with progressive race creative process), that is the basis of formed varieties -as megapopulation. Adaptive mechanisms of plant populations cultural crops to adverse biotic stress, particularly damaging pathogens are a number of biological peculiarities (molecular genetics, physiological, biochemical, morphological, ontogenetic, biocenotic), identification of plants which reflects the degree of their adaptive ability, ecological plasticity and sustainability. In general, the mechanisms resistance of plant tribe Triticeae to epiphytoparasites can distinguish by the following types: functional stability (sustainability, is caused by peculiarities of functional parameters of the plant), morphological tolerance (the ability of plants to resist damage without reducing productivity), ontogenetic evasion (sustainability, is caused by peculiarities ontogenetic of development of plants), photoperiodic sensitivity (retarded the development in autumn and late spring vegetation) and genetic heterogeneity (the presence of morphologically identical homozygous of lines differing by the spectrum of component proteins gliadin). Plant forms that possess mono-and polyfacet resistance to epiphytoparasites avoid parasite influence of fungi due to the mechanism ontogenetic evasion (Slav...

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Direct links between the vernalization response and other key traits of cereal crops

Cited by 177 publications

References 54 publications

Evolution of VRN2/Ghd7-Like Genes in Vernalization-Mediated Repression of Grass Flowering

Evolution of VRN2/Ghd7-Like Genes in Vernalization-Mediated Repression of Grass Flowering

Optimal Regulation of the Balance between Productivity and Overwintering of Perennial Grasses in a Warmer Climate

Adaptability and stability mechanisms of Triticeae tribe to epiphytoparasites in anthropical ecosystem

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