Direct introduction of elemental sulfur into polystyrene: A new method of preparing polymeric materials with both high refractive index and Abbe number

Jiang, Liping; Kong, Ruixia; Yi, Yuliang; Yang, Siqi; Mei, Yu; Xia, Feng; Yao, Zhanhai; Zhang, Jianfu

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121715

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The small dispersion coefficient of these poly(propargylamine)s may endow them potential application in the advanced optical display applications. [ 36 ]…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Catalyst‐Free Four‐Component Polymerization of Propiolic Acids, Benzylamines, Organoboronic Acids, and Formaldehyde toward Functional Poly(propargylamine)s

et al. 2020

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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Multicomponent polymerizations (MCPs) are a group of fascinating polymer synthesis approaches that are developed rapidly in the recent decade. As a popular alkyne‐based MCP, the A3‐polycouplings of alkynes, aldehydes, and amines are developed for the synthesis of poly(propargylamine)s under the catalysis of metal catalysts. In this work, through the design of carboxylic acid group‐activated alkyne monomers, a catalyst‐free, four‐component polymerization of propiolic acids, benzylamines, organoboronic acids, and formaldehyde is reported under mild condition at 45 °C in dichloroethane. This four‐component polymerization is applicable to different monomer structures, which can afford seven poly(propargylamine)s with up to 94% yields and molecular weights of up to 13 900 g mol−1. Moreover, the poly(propargylamine)s demonstrate good solubility and processibility, high thermal stability and light refractivity, unique photophysical property, and so on. The simple monomers, mild condition, low cost, high efficiency, and procedure simplicity of this catalyst‐free four‐component polymerization demonstrates an elegant example of functional polymer synthesis.

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“…The small dispersion coefficient of these poly(propargylamine)s may endow them potential application in the advanced optical display applications. [ 36 ]…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Catalyst‐Free Four‐Component Polymerization of Propiolic Acids, Benzylamines, Organoboronic Acids, and Formaldehyde toward Functional Poly(propargylamine)s

et al. 2020

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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“…A variety of highly refractive vinyl polymers with functional side chains has been developed, which include poly(methacrylate)s with alkyl sulfides ( n = 1.624–1.725), acrylate polymers with tetraphenylethane skeletons ( n = 1.60), and selenide-containing poly(methacrylate)s ( n = 1.599–1.719) . Several styrene-based high-refractive-index polymers have also been investigated. − Nevertheless, these methacrylate-based polymers exhibit unsatisfactory refractive indices owing to the presence of carbonyl groups with low molar refractions, whereas styrene-based polymers generally have the inherent drawback of insufficient transparency that is also time-dependent. Therefore, the development of a new methodology that affords high-refractive-index polymers with excellent transparencies, tunable low T g values, reasonable Abbe’s numbers, and good thermal properties remains a challenge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Transparent Benzothiazole-Based Block and Random Copolymers with High Refractive Indices by RAFT Polymerization

Sato

Sobu

Nakabayashi

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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The development of thermally stable, highly transparent polymers with superior refractive indices and Abbe's numbers are important for the further development of next-generation technology such as miniaturized opto-integrated devices and advanced lenses. Highly transparent benzothiazole-based copolymers having either block or random sequences and high refractive indices were synthesized by reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The conventional free-radical and RAFT copolymerizations of 2-benzothiazolyl vinyl sulfide (BTVS) and 2-vinylnaphthalene (VNA) produced random copolymers with adjustable BTVS contents between 8 and 54%. Chain extending the macrochain transfer agent, which was prepared by the RAFT polymerization of BTVS, with VNA was well-controlled, enabling the synthesis of block copolymers with high BTVS contents (up to 70%) and reasonable polymer yields (up to 60%). The benzothiazole-based homopolymer, poly(BTVS), exhibited a high refractive index (1.7432) and a reasonable Abbe's number (17.0). Excellent transmittances (>93%) of 400 nm light were observed for both copolymers composed of BTVS and VNA, and high refractive indices of 1.7178−1.6672 were achieved. The resulting benzothiazole-based copolymers exhibited high refractive indices (>1.7), high transparencies, tunable low glass-transition temperatures (T g = 75−150 °C), and high thermal stabilities (T d5 > 240 °C) by adjusting the chemical structure, composition, and sequence of the comonomer. This report presents development of the first high-refractive-index polymers derived from S-vinyl sulfide derivatives with benzothiazole side chains, exhibiting the synergistic effects of combining aromatic naphthalene and heteroaromatic benzothiazole units.

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“…Recently, Theato et al, reported the use of elemental sulfur in the preparation of polythioamide by Willgerodt-Kindler reaction with High Refractive Index of n = 1.87 at λ = 589.3 nm 27 . In another study Zhang et al, prepared polystyrene-sulfur composites with high Abbe's number (27.3-30.4) and refractive index of n = 1.6220, in this method elemental sulfur was partially reacted with styrene and mixed with polystyrene in solution to improve the compatibility and dispersibility of the sulfur; which resulted in improving RI of the polymer 28 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Scalable High Refractive Index polystyrene-sulfur nanocomposites via in situ inverse vulcanization

Wadi

Jena

Halique

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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In this work, we demostrate the preparation of low cost High Refractive Index polystyrene-sulfur nanocomposites in one step by combining inverse vulcanization and melt extrusion method. Poly(sulfur-1,3-diisopropenylbenzene) (PS-SD) copolymer nanoparticles (5 to 10 wt%) were generated in the polystyrene matrix via in situ inverse vulcanization reaction during extrusion process. Formation of SD copolymer was confirmed by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. SEM and TEM further confirms the presence of homogeneously dispersed SD nanoparticles in the size range of 5 nm. Thermal and mechanical properties of these nanocomposites are comparable with the pristine polystyrene. The transparent nanocomposites exhibits High Refractive Index n = 1.673 at 402.9 nm and Abbe’y number ~ 30 at 10 wt% of sulfur loading. The nanocomposites can be easily processed into mold, films and thin films by melt processing as well as solution casting techniques. Moreover, this one step preparation method is scalable and can be extend to the other polymers.

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Direct introduction of elemental sulfur into polystyrene: A new method of preparing polymeric materials with both high refractive index and Abbe number

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

Catalyst‐Free Four‐Component Polymerization of Propiolic Acids, Benzylamines, Organoboronic Acids, and Formaldehyde toward Functional Poly(propargylamine)s

Catalyst‐Free Four‐Component Polymerization of Propiolic Acids, Benzylamines, Organoboronic Acids, and Formaldehyde toward Functional Poly(propargylamine)s

Highly Transparent Benzothiazole-Based Block and Random Copolymers with High Refractive Indices by RAFT Polymerization

Scalable High Refractive Index polystyrene-sulfur nanocomposites via in situ inverse vulcanization

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