Direct interfacing of neurons to highly integrated microsystems

Hierlemann, Andreas

doi:10.1109/memsys.2017.7863375

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 45 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…A prerequisite in the development and evaluation of any stimulation strategy is the simultaneous recording of the evoked activity, ideally without stimulation artefacts [31]. Here we took advantage of a CMOS-based MEA [22] with spatially interleaved 1024 stimulation electrodes (stimulation electrode pitch: 32 µm, electrode area: 632 µm 2 ; equivalent diameter: 28.3 µm) and 4225 electrodes (figure 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrimination of simple objects decoded from the output of retinal ganglion cells upon sinusoidal electrical stimulation

et al. 2021

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Objective. Most neuroprosthetic implants employ pulsatile square-wave electrical stimuli, which are significantly different from physiological inter-neuronal communication. In case of retinal neuroprosthetics, which use a certain type of pulsatile stimuli, reliable object and contrast discrimination by implanted blind patients remained challenging. Here we investigated to what extent simple objects can be discriminated from the output of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) upon sinusoidal stimulation. Approach. Spatially confined objects were formed by different combinations of 1024 stimulating microelectrodes. The RGC activity in the ex vivo retina of photoreceptor-degenerated mouse, of healthy mouse or of primate was recorded simultaneously using an interleaved recording microelectrode array implemented in a CMOS-based chip. Main results. We report that application of sinusoidal electrical stimuli (40 Hz) in epiretinal configuration instantaneously and reliably modulates the RGC activity in spatially confined areas at low stimulation threshold charge densities (40 nC mm−2). Classification of overlapping but spatially displaced objects (1° separation) was achieved by distinct spiking activity of selected RGCs. A classifier (regularized logistic regression) discriminated spatially displaced objects (size: 5.5° or 3.5°) with high accuracy (90% or 62%). Stimulation with low artificial contrast (10%) encoded by different stimulus amplitudes generated RGC activity, which was classified with an accuracy of 80% for large objects (5.5°). Significance. We conclude that time-continuous smooth-wave stimulation provides robust, localized neuronal activation in photoreceptor-degenerated retina, which may enable future artificial vision at high temporal, spatial and contrast resolution.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrimination of simple objects decoded from the output of retinal ganglion cells upon sinusoidal electrical stimulation

et al. 2021

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Electrical Imaging: Investigating Cellular Function at High Resolution

et al. 2017

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recently membrane currents from skeletal myotubes, [7] from glia or from glia-derived cancerogenic glioma cells [8] or from pancreatic beta cells [9] have been reported. In brain or muscle tissues different cell types interact. As a consequence the generated electrical signals comprise a rich frequency content ranging from few Hertz to several kilohertz. [10] Electrical signaling on sub-millisecond time scale occurs during so-called action potentials, when the transmembrane potential changes rapidly due to the opening and closing of voltagegated sodium channels.In this review we will discuss biotechnological aspects relevant for the "electrical imaging" technique and highlight applications in neuroscience. Related recent reviews discussed some of the technological backgrounds of microelectrode arrays [11] and some of their applications. [6] To estimate the requirements needed to image the electrical activity in neurons and networks, we summarize important scales and numbers. A typical neuron comprises a cell body, which integrates the presynaptic signals using an elaborate dendritic network (dendritic tree) and sends an action potential (stereotyped transmembrane voltage signal) activity to synaptically connected neurons using a thin axonal cable-like fiber. Mammalian cell bodies are typically about 10-20 µm in diameter, while the cable-like dendritic and axonal structures have diameters ranging between a few tens of nanometers up to several micrometers. [12] The entire dendritic tree of one neuron or of a synaptically connected neuronal network may cover an area ranging between few tens of micrometers up to tens of square millimeter. [12] Within the retinal ganglion cell layer or hippocampal cell layers the neuronal density may be as high as 5000-10 000 cells mm −2 (mouse retinal ganglion cells, [13] granule cells), [14] to name just two prominent neural tissues studied so far using electrical imaging. These numbers highlight the spatial range and resolution to be achieved for imaging the electrically activity generated and propagating therein at (sub) cellular resolution.Optical imaging-the most common imaging modality in life sciences-achieves high-resolution digital imaging by magnifying and recording the light signal using a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) camera chip. Relevant parameters for optical imaging comprise (i) a large field of view, (ii) a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and (iii) high spatial and (iv) high temporal resolution. The ratio between the sensitivity of the CMOS sensors (i.e., minimal number of detected photons) and the corresponding pixel noise sets the sensitivity limit.Electrical imaging-potentially a complementary or alternative technique of optical imaging-deals with the same constrains. Here, instead of a light-detecting CMOS camera chip, the changing Electrical imaging of extracellular potentials reveals the activity of electrogenic cells and of networks thereof over several orders of magnitude, both in space and time. On a spatial scale, electrical activity pro...

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A Combined Process Of Silicon Shadow Masking And Inkjet Printing (SSMP) For Making Graphene Oxide And Reduced Graphene Oxide Microstructures For Selective Cell Culturing Applications

Kang

Kao

et al. 2019

2019 20th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems &Amp; Eurosensors XXXIII (TRANSDUCERS &Am

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Direct interfacing of neurons to highly integrated microsystems

Cited by 3 publications

References 45 publications

Discrimination of simple objects decoded from the output of retinal ganglion cells upon sinusoidal electrical stimulation

Discrimination of simple objects decoded from the output of retinal ganglion cells upon sinusoidal electrical stimulation

Electrical Imaging: Investigating Cellular Function at High Resolution

A Combined Process Of Silicon Shadow Masking And Inkjet Printing (SSMP) For Making Graphene Oxide And Reduced Graphene Oxide Microstructures For Selective Cell Culturing Applications

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