Direct inlet negative ion chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometric analysis of triacylglycerol regioisomers in human milk and infant formulas

Fabritius, Mikael; Linderborg, Kaisa M.; Tarvainen, Marjo; Kalpio, Marika; Zhang, Yumei; Yang, Baoru

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126991

Cited by 26 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Meanwhile, the consequence of this study showed obviously that the percentage of OOO overtaken that of LOL during the mature lactation times in all the regions, except the lactation times included 30 and 60 days in Harbin. This phenomenon was similar with the results of the previous study by Zhao et al ( 8 ), although Yuan et al ( 9 ) and Zhang et al ( 18 ) analyzed the human milk from Beijing and Finland, respectively, and they found the percentage of OOO was less than LOL; this phenomenon among these studies was likely due to the differences among individual samples and lactation regions ( 17 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“… b References for each country: Spain: Pons et al ( 15 ); Morera et al ( 4 ); Isabel Ten-Doménech et al ( 14 ); Denmark: Zou et al ( 5 ); America: Kim et al ( 16 ); China (previous studies): Tu et al ( 10 ); Yuan et al ( 9 ); Chen et al ( 11 ). Finland: Fabritius et al ( 17 ) . …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As for the structure of the TAGs in the human milk, due to the demand of accurate nutrition, more and more researchers pay attention to the position of palmitic acid (C16:0) in the TAGs. There were some literatures demonstrated that the percentage of C16:0 was dominantly situated in the sn-2 position, with the range of 71–76% ( 17 , 19 ) and C16:0 located in the side chains was easily hydrolyzed in the intestines and formed insoluble calcium soaps, which might cause constipation in body ( 3 ). Therefore, there were some studies concentrated on the special construction of the TAGs, which was unsaturated fatty acid (UPU)—palmitic acid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, there were some special fatty acids detected in the TAGs of human milk in different country. The PoOL, PoOO, and PoLS were specifically the unique TAGs in Spain and Finland ( Table 1 ) and C16:1 was especially monitored in these TAGs, which might be related to the local diets including the dairy products, meats, and olive oil ( 14 , 17 ). However, the special TAGs in Chinese human milk contained more linoleic acid (C18:2); this was because that some vegetable oils such as colza oil, soybean oil, and peanut oil were mainly used in Chinese daily diets ( 22 , 27 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Comparative Analysis of Triglycerides From Different Regions and Mature Lactation Periods in Chinese Human Milk Project (CHMP) Study

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The kinds and proportions of triglycerides of human mature milk play an independent role in the growth of infants. In this study, the human milk samples obtained from eight different Chinese cities (Chengdu, Weihai, Lanzhou, Jinhua, Beijing, Guangzhou, Zhengzhou, and Harbin) and six sequential mature lactation times (30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 days) were detected for the triglycerides. The result demonstrated that total 66 triglycerides were detected in mature human milk, with acyl carbon number (ACN) numbers were locating in the range of 34–54 and double bond (DB) numbers were locating in the range of 0–6. In addition, the percentage of OPO, OPL, and OOO was relatively higher than others, accounted for more than 4% of total triglycerides in all the lactation areas and times, and the percentage of U2S and LLL triglycerides was also richest in mature milk. Furthermore, it was obvious that lactation regions had more significant effect on the triglycerides compared with lactation time and the triacylglycerols (TAGs) of human milk in Guangzhou were clearly different from that in other regions. Therefore, the results of this study will provide data reference for the design of infant formula suitable for Chinese babies.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Comparative Analysis of Triglycerides From Different Regions and Mature Lactation Periods in Chinese Human Milk Project (CHMP) Study

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although the concept of using fragment ion intensity ratios to quantify TAG regioisomers has been explored in several studies, the potential influence of other isomers and isobaric ions was mostly neglected [ 26 ]. This may or may not be a concern depending on the matrices analyzed, as different matrices may show a very different isomer profile.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine Milk Triacylglycerol Regioisomer Ratio Shows Remarkable Inter-Breed and Inter-Cow Variation

Liu

Rochfort

2021

Molecules

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Regioisomers (or positional isomers) of triacylglycerols (TAGs) of milk are known to show differential outcome in relation to human absorption. Quantitation of TAG regioisomers remains a big challenge due to the lack of facile chromatographic separation technique. The feasibility of using fragment ion intensity ratio to determine the ratio of co-eluting AAB/ABA-type regioisomer pairs was confirmed in this study. The ability of C30 stationary phase in resolving interfering TAG isomers was demonstrated for the first time. This allowed us to reveal the complexity of using fragment ion intensity to quantify 1,2-olein-3-palmitin (OOP), 1,3-olein-2-palmitin (OPO), 1,2-olein-3-stearin (OOS), and 1,3-olein-2-stearin (OSO) regioisomers in milk samples. A novel algorithm was proposed to consider the contribution of OPO/OOP and OSO/OOS double bond (DB)-isomers and to eliminate the interference of isobaric ions from other isomers, an aspect overlooked in previous studies. This liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method that requires no pre-fractioning and a moderate chromatographic separation time of 36 min is simple and, thus, suitable for screening a large number of samples for genetic analysis of this trait. Preliminary results using a small cohort of animals showed that OPO/OOP ratio differs significantly between Jersey and Holstein cows, and a large variation was also observed across individual Holstein cows.

show abstract

Analysis of triacylglycerol and phospholipid sn‐positional isomers by liquid chromatographic and mass spectrometric methodologies

Fabritius

Yang

2023

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Analysis of triacylglycerol (TG) and phospholipid sn‐positional isomers can be divided into two main categories: (a) direct separation by chromatography or other means such as ion mobility mass spectrometry and (b) quantification of regioisomer ratios by structurally informative fragment ions with mass spectrometric methods. Due to long retention times and limited performance, researchers are moving away from direct chromatographic separation of isomers, using mass spectrometry instead. Many established analytical methods are targeting specific isomers of interest instead of untargeted analysis of comprehensive profiles of regioisomers. Challenges remain arising from the large number of isobaric and isomeric lipid species in natural samples, often overlapping chromatographically and sharing structurally informative fragment ions. Further, fragmentation of glycerolipids is influenced by the nature of the attached fatty acids, and the lack of available regiopure standards is still an obstacle for establishing calibration curves required for accurate quantification of regioisomers. Additionally, throughput of many methods is still quite limited. Optimization algorithms and fragmentation models are useful especially for analysis of TG regioisomers, as identification using calibration curves alone without proper separation is difficult with complex samples.

show abstract

Direct inlet negative ion chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometric analysis of triacylglycerol regioisomers in human milk and infant formulas

Cited by 26 publications

References 38 publications

Comparative Analysis of Triglycerides From Different Regions and Mature Lactation Periods in Chinese Human Milk Project (CHMP) Study

Comparative Analysis of Triglycerides From Different Regions and Mature Lactation Periods in Chinese Human Milk Project (CHMP) Study

Bovine Milk Triacylglycerol Regioisomer Ratio Shows Remarkable Inter-Breed and Inter-Cow Variation

Analysis of triacylglycerol and phospholipid sn‐positional isomers by liquid chromatographic and mass spectrometric methodologies

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About