Direct‐Ink Written Shape‐Morphing Film with Rapid and Programmable Multimotion

Mao, Zhengyi; Zhu, Kunkun; Pan, Leilei; Liu, Guo; Tang, Tao; He, Yunhu; Huang, Jianpan; Hu, Jinlian; Chan, Kannie W. Y.; Lü, Jian

doi:10.1002/admt.201900974

Cited by 27 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…[9,10] In such designs, the small amount of water existed in the film via hydrogen bonding, and the light intensity for irradiation was key to the fast actuation. An asymmetric, porous film regarding the thickness, highly improved the actuation speed of the vapor-driven actuators [18,19] in a PILTf2N/C-pillar [5]arene membrane actuator (3600° s −1 via acetone evaporation) and a perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer actuator (720° s −1 via blowing an ethanol vapor). In another design, the hydrophilic liquid crystal polymers exhibiting molecular alignment exhibited fast actuation (465.5° s −1 ) via the evaporation of the water moisture.…”

Section: Shrimp-shell-architectured Piqa/cns and Bending Actuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1] It is greatly desirable to develop soft crawling robots that can achieve these lifelike actuations. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Compared to crawling, jumping requires simultaneous high actuation force and large bending deformation in a short time to overcome gravity. [9][10][11][12] Hence, the material design of robust film jumping actuators must i) exhibit good molecular rigidity for high actuation force and fast response and ii) demonstrate high flexibility to achieve a large bending curvature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Robust Jumping Actuator with a Shrimp‐Shell Architecture

Yuan

et al. 2021

Advanced Materials

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In recent years, significant progresses have been recorded in the development of soft actuators regarding the material and structural designs. [11,[13][14][15][16][17] Improved actuation speed was obtained by decreasing the response time of volume change; [9][10][11][18][19][20] and enhanced actuation force was realized by increasing the rigidity of the actuator material; [19,[21][22][23][24][25][26] and increased bending curvature was achieved by increasing the asymmetric volume change. [27,28] For example, fast response can be realized employing the following strategies, for example, by increasing absorption/desorption of vapor molecules by the actuator film, [18][19][20] or by increasing the shrinking of the film by photothermal-induced water-desorption, [9,10] or by increasing polymer volume expansion via the photothermal effect of carbon nanomaterials. [11] The bimorph actuators fabricated from soft materials (e.g., elastomers and hydrogels) commonly exhibit a larger bending curvature, [29][30][31] but lower actuation force and response rate compared with those fabricated from rigid materials. Contrarily, the rigidmaterial-based actuators can generate relatively faster actuation speed and larger force, [16,21,25] but smaller bending curvature compared to those fabricated from soft materials. Therefore, it is challenging to simultaneously achieve high actuation force and large bending curvature within a short response time.Until now, there are only a few successful designs of thinfilm jumping actuators by different delicate approaches. [9][10][11][12] Aida group reported a π-stacked carbon nitride polymer (CNP) thin film actuator exhibiting a tough, ultra-lightweight and highly anisotropic layered structure, which responded to the adsorption and desorption of a minute amount of water and is extremely rapid (50 ms by one curl). The film can jump 10-mmhigh on light irradiation by losing the adsorbed water. [10] Wang group reported graphene oxide (GO)/CNT bilayer actuator, where the GO layer allowed fast diffusion of water molecules and the aligned CNT layer imposed constrain. The actuator showed fast response (0.08 s) with large bending curvature, which demonstrated jumping actuation under photothermal induced water desorption from the GO layer. [9] Chen and coworkers prepared a jumping actuator by mimicking flicking finger motion, employing the rolled CNT/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) bilayer composite. The unique combination of loosely CNT network, good photo-thermal effect of CNT, and the large difference between thermal expansion coefficient between the two layers resulted in light-induced jumping up to five times higher than its own height. [11] Cai group reported a jumping actuator by mimicking the fruit fly larva, employing CNT/ liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) bilayer composite. Under light It is highly desirable to develop compact-and robust-film jumping robots that can withstand severe conditions. Besides, the demands for strong actuation force, large bending curvature in a short response time, and good e...

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Section: Shrimp-shell-architectured Piqa/cns and Bending Actuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust Jumping Actuator with a Shrimp‐Shell Architecture

Yuan

et al. 2021

Advanced Materials

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“…For a demonstration, water was used as the stimulus to perform the shape-recovery behavior of a star-shaped fabric (Figure f) . Another strategy for shape-morphing 2D materials is based on the patterning of different materials or material types during DIW. ,− For example, Agarwal’s group showed a simple strategy of combining electrospun thermoresponsive poly( N -isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) as the morphing substrate to DIW print and pattern PNIPAM/clay-based composites. The swelling mismatch between the substrate and printed pattern at different temperatures resulted in complex shape transitions .…”

Section: Macroscale Fiber Patterningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Fiber-Based Three-Dimensional Printing for Applications Ranging from Nanoscale Nanoparticle Alignment to Macroscale Patterning

Zhu

Ravichandran

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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The field of additive manufacturing (AM) has witnessed spectacular growth in the past 4 decades because of its revolutionary processing mechanism in combining bottom-up and top-down approaches. Many have speculated that it will challenge traditional fabrication methods as the fourth industrial revolution. Among the subfields of threedimensional (3D) printing, extrusion-based direct ink writing (DIW) is known for its vast material choices, high design flexibility, and acceptable cost efficiency to print many urgently demanded material systems, such as hydrogels or aerogels, nanoparticle suspensions, composite mixtures, liquid crystals, and liquid metals. Furthermore, the DIW's ability to construct complex architectures or hierarchies also contributes to broader applications across different fields, including intelligent robotics, energy generation and storage devices, biomedical implants, and sustainability systems. This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent advances in DIW development, focusing on engineered patterns at different scales, namely, nanoparticle alignment, one-dimensional (1D) fiber microstructure manipulation, and macroscale two-dimensional (2D)/3D spatial patterning. It highlights the hierarchies from nanoscale particle orientations to macroscale long-range-ordered structures. Finally, technical barriers and significant challenges prohibiting DIW for broader applications or impeding fundamental research to industrial commercialization are discussed.

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“…Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) capable of reversible and large deformations through order–disorder transition of LC 9 are remarkable anisotropic shape-morphing materials. 8,12,31–33 Light as a versatile stimulus allows contactless, spatial, temporal and localized control, attracting great interest of researchers to use it to gain dynamical control of shape transformation. 19,34 Photoactive shape morphing of LCE materials has been realized through the incorporation of photochemical or photothermal elements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%