DIRECT, INDIRECT, AND RESIDUAL TOXICITIES OF INSECTICIDE SPRAYS TO WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA OCCIDENTALIS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

Abstract

Can. Ent. 111: 1207Ent. 111: -1217Ent. 111: (1979 The effect of an alternating and a constant temperature regime on some aspects of the biology of two strains of Hylemya antiqua were studied. One strain was a laboratory strain, the other a newly colonized wild strain. Several population statistics were assessed and life tables constructed. Significant differences between the strains were recorded.The laboratory strain mated significantly better under both environments than the wild strain, it also oviposited earlier and lived longer. No difference between the strains was recorded for either total egg production or oviposition rate. The wild strain larvae survived significantly better than the laboratory strain larvae and produced larger pupae. As the weighted mean temperature of the alternating regime was 16.6"C compared with the constant regime of 23°C many temperature dependent processes were retarded. Nevertheless as the alternating temperature increased larval survival and increased pupal size, this temperature regime has now been adopted for the routine laboratory rearing of H. antiqua larvae. The net reproductive rate, R,, and the intrinsic rate of increase, r, were calculated for both strains in both environments. The wild flies had the highest R , at the alternating temperature and the lowest at the constant temperature. This trend was completely reversed when r was calculated as this statistic takes into account generation time, which was much shorter in the constant temperature.The results were discussed in the framework of the quality of the laboratory stock in relation to its use in a genetic control programme.

Biological activity of some plant essential oils against Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae), an ectoparasitic mite of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

“…Pharmacological evidence described by Hardman et al (1959) and Kuperman et al (1961) suggests that the slope of a probit regression line also reflects the quality of enzymes involved in detoxification. Thus, parallel lines may indicate that organisms have qualitatively similar, but quantitatively different levels of detoxification enzymes, whereas non-parallel lines may indicate that detoxification enzymes differ qualitatively or that totally different enzymes occur in the organisms (Robertson and Rappaport 1979).…”

EFFECTS OF INSECT GROWTH REGULATORS ON THE WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM (CHORISTONEURA OCCIDENTALIS) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE): II. FECUNDITY AND FERTILITY REDUCTION FOLLOWING LAST INSTAR TREATMENTS

“…The LD,, of ZR-1662 approximated that of permethrin, a halogenated pyrethroid. The LD,, of IGRs in group c roughly corresponded to that of carbaryl (427 glha) (Robertson and Rappaport 1979). The LD,,s of ZR-515 and ZR-587 were about twice those of malathion, carbaryl, DDT, and acephate.…”

Age and time exposure-related toxicity of fenthion to male and female Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied.) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

“…Biologically, these differences observed from Probit regressions may reflect the quality and quantity of enzymes involved in detoxification pathways. Parallel lines may indicate that organisms have qualitatively identical (same detoxification enzymes), but quantitatively different levels of detoxification enzymes (Robertson & Rappaport, 1979). However, a line neither equal nor parallel was seen in 60 days-old males.…”