Direct imaging of plasma‐polymerized chemical micropatterns

Bullett, Nial A.; Short, Robert D.; O'Leary, Tracy A.; Beck, Alison J.; Douglas, C. W. I.; Cambray-Deakin, M.A.; Fletcher, Ian; Roberts, Adam; Blomfield, C.

doi:10.1002/sia.1146

Cited by 37 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Bullett et. al 21. attempted to expand on this work by examining the physical patterning of plasma polymerized 1,7-octadiene, acrylic acid and allylamine using TOF-SSIMS and XPS imaging.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Physical vs Photolithographic Patterning of Plasma Polymers: An Investigation by ToF−SSIMS and Multivariate Analysis

Mishra

Easton

McArthur³

2009

Langmuir

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Physical and photolithographic techniques are commonly used to create chemical patterns for a range of technologies including cell culture studies, bioarrays and other biomedical applications. In this paper, we describe the fabrication of chemical micropatterns from commonly used plasma polymers. Atomic force microcopy (AFM) imaging, Time-of-Flight Static Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SSIMS) imaging and multivariate analysis have been employed to visualize the chemical boundaries created by these patterning techniques and assess the spatial and chemical resolution of the patterns. ToF-SSIMS analysis demonstrated that well defined chemical and spatial boundaries were obtained from photolithographic patterning, while the resolution of physical patterning via a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) grid varied depending on the properties of the plasma system including the substrate material. In general, physical masking allowed diffusion of the plasma species below the mask and bleeding of the surface chemistries. Multivariate analysis techniques including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Region of Interest (ROI) assessment were used to investigate the ToF-SSIMS images of a range of different plasma polymer patterns. In the most challenging case, where two strongly reacting polymers, allylamine and acrylic acid were deposited, PCA confirmed the fabrication of micropatterns with defined spatial resolution. ROI analysis allowed for the identification of an interface between the two plasma polymers for patterns fabricated using the photolithographic technique which has been previously overlooked. This study clearly demonstrated the versatility of photolithographic patterning for the production of multichemistry plasma polymer arrays and highlighted the need for complimentary characterization and analytical techniques during the fabrication plasma polymer micropatterns.

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“…Bullett et. al 21. attempted to expand on this work by examining the physical patterning of plasma polymerized 1,7-octadiene, acrylic acid and allylamine using TOF-SSIMS and XPS imaging.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A solid material or mask is effectively used to block a section of the surface and direct deposition onto defined areas of the substrate. Some examples include the use of polymeric masks19 and TEM grids 20, 21. Alternate approaches involve post processing of the surface to remove or chemically modify specific regions of the surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical vs Photolithographic Patterning of Plasma Polymers: An Investigation by ToF−SSIMS and Multivariate Analysis

Mishra

Easton

McArthur³

2009

Langmuir

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“…A selective BSA adsorption was found for the coated regions. Several other authors used the same plasma polymers, but different masking techniques or pattern sizes as proof of concept, excluding any in-vitro testing [77][78][79][80]. Source: Paik et al [76] Albeit being the most used precursor, allylamine is certainly not the only monomer available to deposit N-rich surfaces.…”

Section: Amine-rich Geometric Domainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-thermal plasma assisted lithography for biomedical applications: an overview

Cools

Morent

2016

IJNT

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Plasma assisted surface patterning is becoming a well-established technique that introduces both alternating surface texture and chemistry on substrates for biomedical applications. This review consists of an overview on the developments in this field over the last 15 years. Special attention is given to the different kinds of chemistry that can be introduced and their effect on the surface-cell interaction, as well as their feasibility for possible applications in the field of regenerative medicine.

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“…An RF power of 10 W and a constant flow rate of ∼15, ∼44 or ∼56 cm 3 (STP) min −1 was used in all experiments with a range of deposition times from 10 to 600 s. Samples for use in cell culture experiments were washed with HPLC grade water (Millipore, resistivity 18 M cm) with gentle agitation for 60 min and dried under aseptic conditions for 120 min. The production of chemically heterogeneous surfaces was achieved using a simple masking technique [26] whereby a copper transmission electron microscope (TEM) grid was placed on the surface of the PS dish and exposed to the plasma. After treatment was complete the TEM grid was gently removed from the surface to reveal the chemically patterned surface.…”

Section: Plasma Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%