DIRECT IMAGING AND SPECTROSCOPY OF A CANDIDATE COMPANION BELOW/NEAR THE DEUTERIUM-BURNING LIMIT IN THE YOUNG BINARY STAR SYSTEM, ROXs 42B

Currie, Thayne; Daemgen, S.; Debes, John H.; Lafrenière, David; Itoh, Yoichi; Jayawardhana, Ray; Ratzka, Thorsten; Correia, S.

doi:10.1088/2041-8205/780/2/l30

Cited by 118 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…For basic processing, we utilized the pipeline developed for and followed steps outlined in Currie et al (2011Currie et al ( , 2014aCurrie et al ( , 2014b, sky-subtracting a given frame using the nearest (in time) available sky frames and correcting each image for bad pixels. For the NIRC2 data, we applied a linearity correction.…”

Section: Image Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Matryoshka Disk: Keck/Nirc2 Discovery of a Solar-System-Scale, Radially Segregated Residual Protoplanetary Disk Around Hd 141569a

Currie

Grady

Cloutier

et al. 2016

ApJL

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Using Keck/NIRC2 L ¢ (3.78 μm) data, we report the direct imaging discovery of a scattered-light-resolved, solarsystem-scale residual protoplanetary disk around the young A-type star HD 141569A, interior to and concentric with the two ring-like structures at wider separations. The disk is resolved down to ∼0 25 and appears as an arclike rim with attached hook-like features. It is located at an angular separation intermediate between that of warm CO gas identified from spatially resolved mid-infrared spectroscopy and diffuse dust emission recently discovered with the Hubble Space Telescope. The inner disk has a radius of ∼39 au, a position angle consistent with northup, andan inclination of i ∼ 56 o and has a center offset from the star. Forwardmodeling of the disk favors a thick torus-like emission sharply truncated at separations beyond the torus's photocenter and heavily depleted at smaller separations. In particular, the best-fit density power law for the dust suggests that the inner disk dust and gas (as probed by CO) are radially segregated, a feature consistent with the dust trapping mechanism inferred from observations of "canonical" transitional disks. However, the inner disk component may instead be explained by radiation pressure-induced migration in optically thin conditions, in contrast to the two stellar companion/planetinfluenced ring-like structures at wider separations. HD 141569A's circumstellar environment-with three nested, gapped, concentric dust populations-is an excellent laboratory for understanding the relationship between planet formation and the evolution of both dust grains and disk architecture.

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Section: Image Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Matryoshka Disk: Keck/Nirc2 Discovery of a Solar-System-Scale, Radially Segregated Residual Protoplanetary Disk Around Hd 141569a

Currie

Grady

Cloutier

et al. 2016

ApJL

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“…However, in the outer regions of a disk rather than in a molecular cloud, fragmentation may be more likely to produce substellar objects (Boss 1997), though the lower mass cutoff is still likely to be several M J (Rafikov 2005;Whitworth & Stamatellos 2006). Substellar objects near or below the deuterium burning limit of ∼13 M J have been discovered at separations from ∼40 AU to ∼1000 AU around stars ranging in spectral type from late M to late B (e.g., Chauvin et al 2005b;Marois et al 2008;Lagrange et al 2009;Bowler et al 2013;Carson et al 2013;Currie et al 2014). Two recent discoveries, GJ 504b (Kuzuhara et al 2013) and HD 95086b (Rameau et al 2013), plus HR 8799b (Sudol & Haghighipour 2012), push the mass range of such companions down to ∼5 M J .…”

Section: A Tail Of Two Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Statistical Analysis of Seeds and Other High-Contrast Exoplanet Surveys: Massive Planets or Low-Mass Brown Dwarfs?

Brandt¹,

McElwain²,

Turner³

et al. 2014

ApJ

134

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We conduct a statistical analysis of a combined sample of direct imaging data, totalling nearly 250 stars. The stars cover a wide range of ages and spectral types, and include five detections (κ And b, two ∼60 M J brown dwarf companions in the Pleiades, PZ Tel B, and CD−35 2722B). For some analyses we add a currently unpublished set of SEEDS observations, including the detections GJ 504b and GJ 758B. We conduct a uniform, Bayesian analysis of all stellar ages using both membership in a kinematic moving group and activity/rotation age indicators. We then present a new statistical method for computing the likelihood of a substellar distribution function. By performing most of the integrals analytically, we achieve an enormous speedup over brute-force Monte Carlo. We use this method to place upper limits on the maximum semimajor axis of the distribution function derived from radialvelocity planets, finding model-dependent values of ∼30-100 AU. Finally, we model the entire substellar sample, from massive brown dwarfs to a theoretically motivated cutoff at ∼5 M J , with a single power-law distribution. We find that p(M, a) ∝ M −0.65±0.60 a −0.85±0.39 (1σ errors) provides an adequate fit to our data, with 1.0%-3.1% (68% confidence) of stars hosting 5-70 M J companions between 10 and 100 AU. This suggests that many of the directly imaged exoplanets known, including most (if not all) of the low-mass companions in our sample, formed by fragmentation in a cloud or disk, and represent the low-mass tail of the brown dwarfs.

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“…the introduction of angular differential imaging, Marois et al 2006) allowed the detection of the first objects that were likely formed in protoplanetary disks, such as the four-planet system orbiting HR 8799 (Marois et al 2008(Marois et al , 2010 and the giant planet orbiting at 8 AU from the well known star-disk system β Pic ). In the last year, several additional discoveries of directly-imaged planets have been reported (Rameau et al 2013;Kuzuhara et al 2013;Currie et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The VLT/NaCo large program to probe the occurrence of exoplanets and brown dwarfs in wide orbits

Desidera

Covino

Messina

et al. 2015

A&A

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Context. Young, close stars are ideal targets for searching planets using the direct imaging technique. The determination of stellar parameters is crucial for the interpretation of imaging survey results, particularly since the luminosity of substellar objects has a strong dependence on system age. Aims. We have conducted a large program with NaCo at the VLT to search for planets and brown dwarfs in wide orbits around 86 stars. A large fraction of the targets observed with NaCo were poorly investigated in the literature. We performed a study to characterize the fundamental properties (age, distance, and mass) of the stars in our sample. To improve target age determinations, we compiled and analyzed a complete set of age diagnostics. Methods. We measured spectroscopic parameters and age diagnostics using dedicated observations acquired with FEROS and CORALIE spectrographs at La Silla Observatory. We also made extensive use of archival spectroscopic data and the results that are available in the literature. Additionally, we exploited photometric time-series, which are available in ASAS and Super-WASP archives, to derive a rotational period for a large fraction of our program stars. Results. We provided updated characterization of all the targets observed in the VLT NaCo Large program, a survey designed to probe the occurrence of exoplanets and brown dwarfs in wide orbits. The median distance and age of our program stars are 64 pc and 100 Myr, respectively. Nearly all the stars have masses between 0.70 and 1.50 M , with a median value of 1.01 M . The typical metallicity is close to solar with a dispersion that is smaller than that of samples usually observed in radial velocity surveys. Several stars are confirmed or proposed here to be members of close young moving groups. Eight spectroscopic binaries are identified.

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DIRECT IMAGING AND SPECTROSCOPY OF A CANDIDATE COMPANION BELOW/NEAR THE DEUTERIUM-BURNING LIMIT IN THE YOUNG BINARY STAR SYSTEM, ROXs 42B

Cited by 118 publications

References 52 publications

The Matryoshka Disk: Keck/Nirc2 Discovery of a Solar-System-Scale, Radially Segregated Residual Protoplanetary Disk Around Hd 141569a

The Matryoshka Disk: Keck/Nirc2 Discovery of a Solar-System-Scale, Radially Segregated Residual Protoplanetary Disk Around Hd 141569a

A Statistical Analysis of Seeds and Other High-Contrast Exoplanet Surveys: Massive Planets or Low-Mass Brown Dwarfs?

The VLT/NaCo large program to probe the occurrence of exoplanets and brown dwarfs in wide orbits

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