Direct growth of MWCNTs on 316 stainless steel by chemical vapor deposition: Effect of surface nano-features on CNT growth and structure

Hashempour, Mazdak; Vicenzo, Antonello; Bestetti, Massimiliano

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2013.06.087

Cited by 71 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…Also, we have shown in our past works [43][44][45][46] transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images confirming the multi-walled nature of the as-grown carbon nanotubes. Furthermore, in Figure 1b,d it may be observed that MWCNTs are mostly capped and often they present carbonaceous nanostructures (amorphous and/or graphitic carbon) around the tips (Figure 1d) and close to the stainless steel surface (Figure 1c), with a characteristic dimension of hundred nanometers, as also reported by other authors [42].…”

Section: Microscopic Characterization Of Mwcnt Filmssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Furthermore, stainless steel potential applications include electrodes for super-capacitors [34], fuel cells [35], capacitive deionization [36] and capacitive mixing for extracting energy from salinity difference of water resources [37], field emission probes [38], sensors [39], catalyst support for wastewater treatment [40] and tribological applications [41]. Therefore, stainless steel may be considered as a valid candidate for direct growth [42] of carbon nanotubes by CVD, also because of its high content of iron as the catalyst element. In particular, direct growth is widely used due to several advantages, such as capability to produce dense and uniform deposits, reproducibility, strong adhesion, adjustable deposition rates, ability to control crystal structure, surface morphology and orientation of the CVD products, reasonable cost and wide scope in selection of chemical precursors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Super-hydrophobic multi-walled carbon nanotube coatings for stainless steel

Nicola¹,

Castrucci²,

Scarselli³

et al. 2015

Nanotechnology

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We have taken advantage of the native surface roughness and the iron content of AISI 316 stainless steel to directly grow multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) random networks by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at low-temperature (1000°C) without the addition of any external catalysts or time-consuming pre-treatments. In this way, super-hydrophobic MWCNT films on stainless steel sheets were obtained, exhibiting high contact angle values (154°C) and high adhesion force (high contact angle hysteresis). Furthermore, the investigation of MWCNT films with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals a two-fold hierarchical morphology of the MWCNT random networks made of hydrophilic carbonaceous nanostructures on the tip of hydrophobic MWCNTs. Owing to the Salvinia effect, the hydrophobic and hydrophilic composite surface of the MWCNT films supplies a stationary super-hydrophobic coating for conductive stainless steel. This biomimetical inspired surface not only may prevent corrosion and fouling, but also could provide low friction and drag reduction.

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Section: Microscopic Characterization Of Mwcnt Filmssupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Super-hydrophobic multi-walled carbon nanotube coatings for stainless steel

Nicola¹,

Castrucci²,

Scarselli³

et al. 2015

Nanotechnology

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“…Presence of thin conical shaped nanorods inside the CNT channel, as the one shown in Fig.4a, is believed to represent the base growth mode (44). In case of CNT direct growth on SS, these shoot shaped catalyst have been reported to be originating from the surface nano-features serving as the catalytic sites (21,36). On the other side, presence of relatively large catalyst nanoparticles on CNT tips, as the one shown in Fig.4b, is most often conceived as a characteristic of tip growth mode (45,46).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Comparative Study of the Growth of CNTs on Stainless Steel with and without the External Catalyst

2014

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Multi-walled carbon nanotubes were synthesized on 316 stainless steel substrate by chemical vapor deposition through two different methods: 1- without use of any external catalyst and using ethylene as the carbon precursor and 2- using ferrocene as an external source of catalyst particles, dissolved in toluene, as the carbon precursor. Carbon nanotubes grown by the two methods were characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction methods and were compared subsequently to determine certain characteristics of each method. Good coverage and homogeneity was observed in both cases. However, the carbon layer was thicker and denser in externally catalyzed samples. Two different mechanisms, namely, base and tip modes, were observed for the nanotubes growth, each with particular characteristics stemming from the synthesis methods. Surface nano-features and external catalyst behavior were found to have the dominant role in determining the morphology of carbon filaments in intrinsically and externally catalyzed samples, respectively

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“…5 shows the FT -IR Analysis report that the peak 750cm -1 range was due to stretching of metal oxide bonds, the range between 1500-1600cm -1 and 3400-3600cm -1 was due to hydroxide group. Direct growth of CNTs on stainless steel has been recently studied by using enhanced CVD methods [10]. These methods benefit from the possibility of relatively low operating temperature and rely on surface treatment by plasma for the formation of nanoparticlelike roughness providing catalytic sites.…”

Section: Iron Oxide Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%