Direct generation of higher-order vector vortex modes at 640 nm from a Pr3+:YLF laser source

Abstract

We report on the direct generation of higher-order cylindrical vector vortex modes at red (640 nm) from the Pr 3+ :LiYF4 (Pr 3+ :YLF) laser with an intra-cavity plano-convex spherical lens. Desired cylindrical vector vortex mode is selectively generated from the laser cavity appropriately by adjusting an on-axis position of the intra-cavity lens. Our laser system can operate at single and superposed vector vortex modes. Such compact and cost-saving vector vortex laser source can be easily integrated to any commercial device for applications.