Direct Forging of High-Alloy Steel Powders to Bar Stock

Olsson, Lisbeth; Lampe, V.; Fischmeister, H. F.

doi:10.1179/pom.17.34.1974.007

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…More novel approaches have been reported to generate fully dense samples with comparable properties to wrought alloys [10]. For example, induction sintering [6], spark plasma sintering (SPS) [11], extrusion [12,13], FAST-forge (Field-assisted sintering technology) [14] and direct powder forging (DPF) [15][16][17]. In the case of SPS [18] and FAST-forge [19], both have been shown to achieve near-net shape (NNS) parts with complex geometries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Powder Forging—A New Approach for near Net Shape Processing of Titanium Powders

Careau¹,

Ulate-Kolitsky²,

Tougas³

2023

Powders

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This study investigates direct powder forging (DPF) as a new approach for near-net-shape processing of titanium alloys using a coarse particle size distribution (PSD) between 90 and 250 μm. This route was utilised to takes advantage of DPF’s enclosed nature to make near-net-shape components with conventional forging equipment, making it attractive and viable even for reactive powder such as titanium. In this study, the uncompacted Ti-6Al-4V ELI powder was sealed under vacuum in a stainless-steel canister and hot forged in air to produce a fully dense titanium femoral stem. After the final forging stage, the excess material in the flash region was cut, which efficiently released the canister, revealing the forged part with minimal surface contamination. The as-forged microstructure comprises coarse β grains with a martensitic structure. The subsequent annealing was able to generate a fine and homogenous lamellar microstructure with mechanical properties that respects the surgical implant standard, showing that DPF offers significant potential for forged titanium parts. Therefore, the DPF process provides a suitable alternative to produce titanium components using basic equipment, making it more available to the industry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Powder Forging—A New Approach for near Net Shape Processing of Titanium Powders

Careau¹,

Ulate-Kolitsky²,

Tougas³

2023

Powders

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“…To overcome the poor workability, hot isostatic pressing (HIPing), with shortcomings of high cost and long procedure, is employed in PM high-borated stainless steel fabrication [4]. Noteworthily, direct powder forging, another kind of pressure-assisted sintering technique, has been successfully applied in superalloy and high alloy steel [5,6]. It is therefore natural to speculate that direct powder forging would be a candidate technique for high borated stainless steel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, particle hardening is almost omitted for pressure-assisted sintering with long circles [13,14]. In contrast, work hardening in direct powder forging is noteworthy for relatively short sintering circles and high strain rate [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle deformation and microstructural evolution of high borated stainless steel consolidated by Gleeble-simulated direct powder forging

Zhou

Wang

2022

Powder Metallurgy

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In the present work, a novel method was first proposed to realise direct powder forging of high borated stainless steel on Gleeble through hot compression tests performed at 1150°C and 0.01-10 s −1 with strains of 32% and 50%. Particle deformation and microstructural evolution of high borated stainless steel powder during direct forging were investigated. Backscattered electron (BSE) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) were employed for microstructure examination. Microstructure reveals that large deformation zones were easily distinguished by boride and grain features. Enhanced boride coarsening in the contact area of powders was attributed to the combined action of strain, dislocation, stress and temperature rising. Strain rates had no obvious influence on densification but significantly affected the deformation of particles. Furthermore, the mechanism of particle deformation enhanced by a higher strain rate was discussed.

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“…Direct powder forging (DPF) provides opportunities to address the limitation of conventional casting and PM processes. This technique was introduced in the 70’s by Olssom et al [ 5 ] to consolidate tool steel powder into bar stock without the use of isostatic compaction. They reported that full density was obtained by forging and rolling the filled and sealed canister.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Direct Powder Forging Process on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructural of Ti-6Al-4V ELI

Careau¹,

Tougas²,

Ulate-Kolitsky

2021

Materials

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The study of powder metallurgy processing methods for titanium represents a promising avenue that can respond to a growing demand. This work reports the feasibility of direct powder forging (DPF) as a method to process large spherical Ti-6Al-4V powder into wrought products with noteworthy properties and physical characteristics. Direct powder forging is a thermomechanical process that imparts uniaxial loading to an enclosed and uncompacted powder to produce parts of various sizes and shapes. Stainless steel canisters were filled with prealloyed Ti-6Al-4V powder and consolidated through a multi-step open-die forging and rolling process into wrought DPF bars. After DPF, annealing was performed in the upper α+β phase. The results show that full consolidation was achieved and higher mechanical properties than the Ti-6Al-4V grade F-23 requirements in annealed conditions were obtained. The results also show that direct powder forging of spherical titanium powder could produce wrought mill products and exhibit some potential for further investigation for industrial applications.

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Direct Forging of High-Alloy Steel Powders to Bar Stock

Cited by 9 publications

References 3 publications

Direct Powder Forging—A New Approach for near Net Shape Processing of Titanium Powders

Direct Powder Forging—A New Approach for near Net Shape Processing of Titanium Powders

Particle deformation and microstructural evolution of high borated stainless steel consolidated by Gleeble-simulated direct powder forging

Effect of Direct Powder Forging Process on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructural of Ti-6Al-4V ELI

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