Direct Feeding at the Breast Is Associated with Breast Milk Feeding Duration among Preterm Infants

Pinchevski-Kadir, Shiran; Shust-Barequet, Shir; Zajicek, M.; Leibovich, Mira; Strauss, Tzipora; Leibovitch, Leah; Morag, Iris

doi:10.3390/nu9111202

Cited by 39 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Our finding that exclusive as opposed to mixed breastfeeding at discharge was strongly related to the probability of continuation points to a modifiable practice that likely reflects unit policies, as rates of mixed versus exclusive feeding at discharge vary widely across Europe (Wilson et al, ). In contrast, we did not find that direct feeding from the breast had a significant impact on continuation, unlike a study conducted in one single‐centre in Israel on 162 mothers of very preterm infants (Pinchevski‐Kadir et al, ).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Low breastfeeding continuation to 6 months for very preterm infants: A European multiregional cohort study

Bonnet

Blondel

Piedvache

et al. 2018

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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Breastfeeding confers multiple benefits for the health and development of very preterm infants, but there is scarce information on the duration of breastfeeding after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). We used data from the Effective Perinatal Intensive Care in Europe population-based cohort of births below 32 weeks of gestation in 11 European countries in 2011-2012 to investigate breastfeeding continuation until 6 months. Clinical and sociodemographic characteristics were collected from obstetric and neonatal medical records as well as parental questionnaires at 2 years of corrected age. Among 3,217 ever-breastfed infants, 34% were breastfeeding at 6 months of age (range across countries from 25% to 56%); younger and less educated mothers were more likely to stop before 6 months (adjusted relative risk [aRR] <25 years: 0.68, 95% CI [0.53, 0.88], vs. 25-34 years; lower secondary: 0.58, 95% CI [0.45, 0.76] vs. postgraduate education). Multiple birth, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and several neonatal transfers reduced the probability of continuation but not low gestational age, fetal growth restriction, congenital anomalies, or severe neonatal morbidities. Among infants breastfeeding at discharge, mixed versus exclusive breast milk feeding at discharge was associated with stopping before 6 months: aRR = 0.60, 95% CI [0.48, 0.74]. Low breastfeeding continuation rates in this high-risk population call for more support to breastfeeding mothers during and after the neonatal hospitalization, especially for families with low socio-economic status, multiples, and infants with BPD. Promotion of exclusive breastfeeding in the NICU may constitute a lever for improving breastfeeding continuation after discharge.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Low breastfeeding continuation to 6 months for very preterm infants: A European multiregional cohort study

Bonnet

Blondel

Piedvache

et al. 2018

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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“…The rationales for this choice were based on the fact that breastfeeding at the breast is the norm in Iceland, where national data show a 98% initiation rate of term infants (Directorate of Health, 2012). The other reason was that previous studies have shown that mothers that exclusively express breast milk do so for a shorter time compared with mothers that exclusively feed their infant at the breast (Forster et al, ; Pang et al, ; Pinchevski‐Kadir et al, ). It has also been reported that mothers that combine breastfeeding at the breast and formula feeding have a shorter breastfeeding duration than mothers that exclusively breastfeed at the breast (Holmes, Auinger, & Howard, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breastfeeding progression in late preterm infants from birth to one month

Jónsdóttir

Skuladottir

et al. 2019

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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This study aimed to describe and compare breastfeeding progression, infants' feeding behaviours, maternal feeding difficulties, and mothers' usage of breastfeeding interventions for singleton late preterm (LPT) and term infants. A further aim was to identify associated factors for exclusive breastfeeding at breast at 1 month in LPT infants.This was a cohort study where mothers of LPT infants from a neonatal unit (n = 60), LPT infants from a maternity unit (n = 62), and term infants from a maternity unit (n = 269) answered a questionnaire approximately 1 month after delivery. Findings showed no significant differences in exclusive breastfeeding at breasts between LPT infants admitted to the neonatal unit compared with the maternity unit, during the first week at home (38% vs. 48%), or at 1 month of age (52% vs. 50%). Term infants were more likely to be exclusively breastfed at the breast (86% and 74%, p < 0.05) compared with LPT infants. Multiple regression analysis showed that usage of a nipple shield, not feeding breast milk exclusively during the first week at home, or feeding less than 10 times per day at 1 month were statistically significant for not exclusively breastfeed at the breast. A protective factor was the mothers' experience of having an abundance of milk during the first week at home. In conclusion, LPT infants are less likely to be exclusively breastfed at the breast than term infants, highlighting the need for further research to guide interventions aimed at optimising exclusive breastfeeding rates.

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“…As we learn more evidence in support of breastfeeding mothers with hospitalized newborns better survival will have these patients [25].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Support for Breastfeeding

Vargas¹

2018

Selected Topics in Breastfeeding

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Breastfeeding support for mothers of newborn babies in neonatal units is the basis for successful breastfeeding. With this, health professionals should educate the key members of the family and the environment surrounding the family about the benefits of breast milk in the first months of life and how to encourage and support the mother in the first months of life breastfeeding days. Exclusive breastfeeding is the most effective intervention to reduce infant morbidity and mortality and is estimated to prevent 13% of infant mortality under 5 years in low-income countries. However, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding is alarmingly low in developing countries. Mothers who face problems in breastfeeding immediately turn to high-quality milk formulas. Therefore, it is very important to assume the responsibility of health professionals to identify and adequately manage breastfeeding problems. UNICEF/World Health Organization, through the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI), has recommended good health care practices that support breastfeeding to increase the likelihood of optimal breastfeeding. The focus of breastfeeding in preterm infants and hospitalized term infants should must worry on the physical, emotional, legal, and social difficulties that may occur in the mother. It is necessary to consciously strengthen these terms for a successful breastfeeding.

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Direct Feeding at the Breast Is Associated with Breast Milk Feeding Duration among Preterm Infants

Cited by 39 publications

References 59 publications

Low breastfeeding continuation to 6 months for very preterm infants: A European multiregional cohort study

Low breastfeeding continuation to 6 months for very preterm infants: A European multiregional cohort study

Breastfeeding progression in late preterm infants from birth to one month

Support for Breastfeeding

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