Direct-Fed Microbial PrimaLac and Salinomycin Modulate Whole-Body and Intestinal Oxygen Consumption and Intestinal Mucosal Cytokine Production in the Broiler Chick

Abstract

The current study investigated whole-body O2 consumption, intestinal O2 consumption, and intestinal inflammation status through mucosal cytokine production on broiler chicks fed the direct-fed microbial PrimaLac. One hundred twenty 1-d-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 experimental diets: standard starter diet (control), standard starter diet with added salinomycin (SAL), and standard starter diet with added PrimaLac (DFM). Birds were housed in 2 separate rooms, the control and SAL treatments in one room and the DFM in another. Intact ileal and cecal samples were collected on d 19, 20, and 21 after measuring whole-body O2 consumption using indirect calorimetry. The O2 up-take of ileal tissue was measured using an in vitro O2 monitor. Analysis of intestinal immune status of broilers was measured by the relative differences in mRNA of both pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines: interleukin-(IL) 1beta, IL-6, and IL-10 using real-time reverse transcription-PCR. Broilers exhibited a 6 to 16% decrease in whole-body energy expenditures and up to a 47% decrease (P<0.05) in ileal energy expenditures in the DFM group compared with other treatments. The reverse transcription-PCR data demonstrated that DFM consortium numerically altered both pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines within the ileum of 19-d posthatch broilers. These data suggest that direct-fed microbials like PrimaLac increase metabolic efficiency via changes in intestinal physiology and metabolism.

Effects of dietary inclusion of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics on intestinal histological changes in challenged broiler chickens

“…Ileal villus width for the prebiotic and synbiotic groups was higher than the positive control and antibiotic groups. Gunal et al (2006) and Chichlowski et al (2007) demonstrated that the villus width was not affected by probiotic and antibiotic flavomycin compared to the basal diet of broilers.…”

Effects of Dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Butyric Acid Glycerides on Performance and Serum Lipid Level of Broiler Chickens

“…These enhanced digestion, absorption and efficiency of utilization of feed [2,23] . Bolton and Dewar [24] indicate that free butyric acid is absorbed very quickly in the upper digestive tract, and will likely be of limited effective.…”

“…However it has been increasing pressure to reduce or even eliminate antibiotic usage in poultry due to the development of antibiotic resistance in consumers [1] . Thus, there is an increasing interest in finding other antibiotic replacements such as prebiotics, probiotics, aromatic oils and organic acids in poultry production [2] . A probiotic was defined as a live microbial feed supplement that beneficially affects the host animal by improving its intestinal microbial balance [3] .…”

Bacterial-mucosal interactions in inflammatory bowel disease—an alliance gone bad

“…However, certain types of bacteria (usually called "probiotic" or beneficial bacteria) are known to enhance and contribute to the epithelial barrier (17,67). Probiotic bacteria have both direct and indirect beneficial effects on the epithelia, including enhancement of epithelial barrier function via altering intestinal microarchitecture (17), modulation of the mucosal immune system (15), and alteration of the intestinal environment (70). Probiotics inhibit pathogenic enteric bacteria via competitive exclusion, i.e., decreasing luminal pH, secretion of bacteriocidal proteins, and blocking bacterial binding to epithelium (20).…”