Direct Extraction of Equivalent Circuit Parameters for Balun on Silicon Substrate

Characterization and modeling of silicon devices for RF applications

“…To further validate the characterized symmetrical spiral inductors, differential spiral inductors were adopted in optimizing a low power and low phase noise fully integrated 2.4 GHz VCO. The Ipart of the material in this chapter has been published in the journals, [34,103] and conference proceedings, [104,105] VCO achieved a phase noise of -105 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset frequency with approximately 4.5 mAo The supply voltage was 3.0 V.…”

“…One of the most important steps in numerical optimization is setting the initial value of the parameter. This technique could be time consuming since a few iterations are needed to achieve reasonable results in the Ipart of the material in this chapter has been published in the journals, [34,103] and conference proceedings, [104,105] fitting process. This is mainly because normally a wide range of initial values are set to relax the convergence.…”