Direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC): Electrical performances and reaction products distribution under operating conditions with different platinum-based anodes

Rousseau, Séverine; Coutanceau, Christophe; Lamy, C.; Léger, Jean‐Michel

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.08.027

Cited by 482 publications

(322 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…9 The fact that Pt 73 Ni 27 /C and Pt 64 Sn 15 Ru 13 Ni 8 /C favored acetaldehyde formation confirms that the presence of Sn and Ni promotes increased yields of acetaldehyde. 25 The low consumption of ethanol observed for the quaternary catalyst is in contrast with other electrochemical data, published in the literature, 6,8,9,23,25 and can be assigned to the heterogeneous distribution of the metals on the surface of the nanoelectrocatalyst. The nanoparticles can dissolve and recristalize which contributes to inhindance their activity under drastic conditions.…”

Section: Ethanol Electrolysiscontrasting

confidence: 54%

“…Acetaldehyde was the main product identified in this case. On the other hand, Purgato et al 24 have found that the PtSn/C electrocatalyst favors acetic acid formation, as previously reported by Rousseau et al 6 for PtSn/C and PtSnRu/C electrocatalysts. In another recent investigation, we have noted that PtRuSn/C, prepared by the DPP method, shifts the onset potential for ethanol electrooxidation to 0.20 V vs. RHE, acetaldehyde being the main electrolysis product.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…[4][5][6] Ethanol is strongly adsorbed onto the platinum surface, which shifts the onset of oxidation potential to higher values, e.g., E > 0.8 V vs. RHE. In recent studies Kutz et al 7 using vibrational sum-frequency generation spectroscopy (SFG) found evidences that CO can be formed at lower potentials through fragments of CH x and CH x O oxidation indicating C−C bond breaking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of plurimetallic electrocatalysts prepared by decomposition of polymeric precursors for EtOH/O2 fuel cell

Palma¹,

Almeida²,

Andrade³

2012

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver eletrocatalisadores plurimetálicos contendo Pt, Ru, Ni e Sn suportados em C pelo método de decomposição de precursores poliméricos (DPP), na razão metal:carbono de 40:60% em massa, para aplicação em célula a combustível de etanol direta (DEFC). As nanopartículas obtidas foram caracterizadas físico-quimicamente por difração de raios X (DRX) e energia dispersiva de raios X. Os resultados de DRX revelaram cristalitos com estrutura cúbica de face centrada da Pt com evidências de que os átomos de Ni, Ru e Sn foram incorporados à estrutura da Pt. A caracterização eletroquímica das nanopartículas foi realizada por voltametria cíclica e cronoamperometria em meio ácido (H 2 SO 4 0,05 mol L -1 ), na ausência e presença de etanol. A adição de Sn para os catalisadores PtRuNi/C deslocou significativamente o potencial de início de oxidação de etanol e CO para valores mais baixos, aumentando assim a atividade catalítica, especialmente para a composição Pt 64 Sn 15 Ru 13 Ni 8 /C. Eletrólises de solução de etanol em 0,4 V vs. ERH permitiram a determinação de acetaldeído e ácido acético como principais produtos da reação. A presença de Ru nas ligas favoreceu a formação de ácido acético como produto principal da oxidação do etanol. O catalisador Pt 64 Sn 15 Ru 13 Ni 8 /C exibiu o melhor desempenho para DEFC.This work aimed to develop plurimetallic electrocatalysts composed of Pt, Ru, Ni, and Sn supported on C by decomposition of polymeric precursors (DPP), at a constant metal:carbon ratio of 40:60 wt.%, for application in direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC). The obtained nanoparticles were physico-chemically characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). XRD results revealed a face-centered cubic crystalline Pt with evidence that Ni, Ru, and Sn atoms were incorporated into the Pt structure. Electrochemical characterization of the nanoparticles was accomplished by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA) in slightly acidic medium (0.05 mol L -1 H 2 SO 4 ), in the absence and presence of ethanol. Addition of Sn to PtRuNi/C catalysts significantly shifted the ethanol and CO onset potentials toward lower values, thus increasing the catalytic activity, especially for the quaternary composition Pt 64 Sn 15 Ru 13 Ni 8 /C. Electrolysis of ethanol solutions at 0.4 V vs. RHE allowed determination of acetaldehyde and acetic acid as the main reaction products. The presence of Ru in alloys promoted formation of acetic acid as the main product of ethanol oxidation. The Pt 64 Sn 15 Ru 13 Ni 8 /C catalyst displayed the best performance for DEFC. Keywords: DEFC, ethanol, decomposition of polymeric precursor method (DPP), metallic catalyst IntroductionThe development of clean technologies for power generation with renewable fuels is required if we are to overcome the increase in environmental problems. In this context, the use of ethanol as fuel is promising because it is renewable, easy to store and handle, and contains high energy density (8 kW h kg -1 ),...

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Section: Ethanol Electrolysiscontrasting

confidence: 54%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of plurimetallic electrocatalysts prepared by decomposition of polymeric precursors for EtOH/O2 fuel cell

Palma¹,

Almeida²,

Andrade³

2012

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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“…The developed catalyst had a shorter lattice parameter than PtSn/C (1:1) and a longer one than Pt/C and PtRu/C (1:1). Another active ternary composition, PtSnRu/C (86:10:4), also demonstrated an enhanced performance relative to Pt-Sn/C (90:10) in a single-cell DEFC [15]. In this study, the drop in the performance of PtSnRu/C (86:10:4) and PtSn/C (90:10) was attributed to the formation of non-catalytic and less conductive tin oxides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…In this study, the drop in the performance of PtSnRu/C (86:10:4) and PtSn/C (90:10) was attributed to the formation of non-catalytic and less conductive tin oxides. The difference in the performance results of PtSnRu/C [13][14][15] could be explained mainly by the difference in the methods employed for the preparation of the catalysts. For example, with binary catalysts, Lamy's group obtained the optimum performance with Pt:Sn (9:1) using methods such as co-impregnation-reduction [16] and the Bönneman method [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of quaternary PtRuIrSn/C electrocatalysts for direct ethanol fuel cells

Fatih

Neburchilov

Alzate

et al. 2010

Journal of Power Sources

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Synthesis and characterization of quaternary PtRuIrSn/C electrocatalysts for direct ethanol fuel cells Fatih, K.; Neburchilov, V.; Alzate, V.; Neagu, R.; Wang, H. 195 (2010) [7168][7169][7170][7171][7172][7173][7174][7175] Contents lists available at ScienceDirect /C electrocatalysts were prepared by a known impregnation-reduction (borohydride) method. The microstructure and chemical composition were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The activity of the electrocatalysts for EOR was compared to commercial Pt 67 Ru 33 /C (HISPEC5000) using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) based on similar Pt loading. The results of this study show that electrocatalyst composition with 10 and 20% Ir (wt.%) exhibit higher electrocatalytic activity than the commercial PtRu electrocatalyst. 10 Sn 30 /C exhibited both a higher performance with a specific power density of 29 mW mg Pt −1 without O 2 backpressure at the cathode and an excellent long-term stability in a DEFC operating at 90 • C. Journal of Power Sources Journal of Power SourcesCrown

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Fuel Cells: Direct Ethanol

Chia

Lee

2005

Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry

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Alcohols, and methanol in particular, have been investigated as potential fuels for use in direct fuel cells for mobile applications. However, the fuel cell community is now turning its attention to ethanol as the fuel of choice because of benefits such as renewability and low fuel toxicity. Nonetheless, the direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC) has several technological problems that are more tenacious than the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). Among them, the slow anode kinetics presents the greatest challenge since it results in poor fuel cell performance in applications. Current anode catalysts, which are primarily an extension of the DMFC anode catalysts, do not prove to be very effective in delivering high current densities or sufficiently high conversions. Thus, there is a need to modify existing catalysts or to develop new catalysts that are able to oxidize ethanol molecules more effectively and more completely. This article provides a succinct account of the various catalysts currently in use at the anode and cathode of a DEFC, with emphasis on the anode catalysts used in an acidic environment, which require the most improvement. The use of cocatalysts, promoters, and catalyst support as well as catalysts used for ethanol oxidation in alkaline media are also briefly discussed.

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Direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC): Electrical performances and reaction products distribution under operating conditions with different platinum-based anodes

Cited by 482 publications

References 32 publications

Development of plurimetallic electrocatalysts prepared by decomposition of polymeric precursors for EtOH/O2 fuel cell

Development of plurimetallic electrocatalysts prepared by decomposition of polymeric precursors for EtOH/O2 fuel cell

Synthesis and characterization of quaternary PtRuIrSn/C electrocatalysts for direct ethanol fuel cells

Fuel Cells: Direct Ethanol

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