Direct electrophysiological evidence for the maintenance of retrieval orientations and the role of cognitive control

Herron, Jane

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.01.062

Cited by 30 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(109 reference statements)

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“…Supporting a maintenance interpretation, the stay trial ERPs observed here closely resemble those obtained in a recent experiment which maintained retrieval goals across multiple successive trials (Herron, 2018). Frontal pre-retrieval ERPs were more positive-going when participants retrieved visualisation-based information than when they retrieved encoding operations, and this was interpreted as a direct correlate of retrieval orientation maintenance across trials.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Pre-retrieval event-related potentials predict source memory during task switching

Evans

Herron

2019

NeuroImage

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Neural activity preceding memory probes differs according to retrieval goals. These divergences have been linked to retrieval orientations, which are content-specific memory states that bias retrieval towards specific contents. Here, participants were cued to retrieve either spatial location or encoding operations. On the first trial of each memory task (‘switch’ trials), preparatory ERPs preceding correct source memory judgments differed according to retrieval goal, but this effect was absent preceding memory errors. Initiating appropriate retrieval orientations therefore predicted criterial recollection. Preparatory ERPs on the second trial of each memory task (i.e. ‘stay’ trials) also differed according to retrieval goal, but the polarity of this effect was reversed from that observed on switch trials and the effect did not predict memory accuracy. This was interpreted as a correlate of retrieval orientation maintenance, with initiation and maintenance forming dissociable components of these goal-directed memory states. More generally, these findings highlight the importance of pre-retrieval processes in episodic memory.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Pre-retrieval event-related potentials predict source memory during task switching

Evans

Herron

2019

NeuroImage

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“…A second possibility is that episodic memory states may facilitate the accuracy of judgments by influencing processes that operate on the products of retrieval, such as post-retrieval monitoring processes. Some recent data from our lab ( Herron, 2018 ) indicates that there is in fact a trade-off between the maintenance of retrieval orientations and post-retrieval monitoring. In this study, participants were required to complete two blocked memory tasks with different retrieval goals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The absence of the effect on stay trials in the present study is consistent with the notion that it indexes task configuration processes that are involved in the initiation of orientation as opposed to its ongoing maintenance across items. There is some evidence that processes involved in the initiation and maintenance of retrieval orientations have dissociable ERP correlates ( Herron and Wilding, 2006b , Herron et al., 2016 ), with those associated with maintenance predominantly being evident when retrieval requirements are blocked as opposed to alternating ( Herron and Wilding, 2006b , Herron, 2018 , Johnson and Rugg, 2006 , Werkle-Bergner et al., 2005 , Wilding and Nobre, 2001 ; but see; Herron et al., 2016 ). Second, the preparatory ERP effect observed here was broadly distributed across frontal sites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation breeds success: Brain activity predicts remembering

Herron

Evans

2018

Cortex

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Successful retrieval of episodic information is thought to involve the adoption of memory states that ensure that stimulus events are treated as episodic memory cues (retrieval mode) and which can bias retrieval toward specific memory contents (retrieval orientation). The neural correlates of these memory states have been identified in many neuroimaging studies, yet critically there is no direct evidence that they facilitate retrieval success. We cued participants before each test item to prepare to complete an episodic (retrieve the encoding task performed on the item at study) or a non-episodic task. Our design allowed us to separate event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by the preparatory episodic cue according to the accuracy of the subsequent memory judgment. We predicted that a correlate of retrieval orientation should be larger in magnitude preceding correct source judgments than that preceding source errors. This hypothesis was confirmed. Preparatory ERPs at bilateral frontal sites were significantly more positive-going when preceding correct source judgments than when preceding source errors or correct responses in a non-episodic baseline task. Furthermore this effect was not evident prior to recognized items associated with incorrect source judgments. This pattern of results indicates a direct contribution of retrieval orientation to the recovery of task-relevant information and highlights the value of separating preparatory neural activity at retrieval according to subsequent memory accuracy. Moreover, at a more general level this work demonstrates the important role of pre-stimulus processing in ecphory, which has remained largely neglected to date.

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“…This version also led to an increase in the production of internal details in memory and imagination tasks, without having any effect on the details generated in a picture description task as in the standard ESI. The authors argue that the ESI effects in both versions come from the retrieval orientation bias (Rugg and Wilding, 2000; Morcom and Rugg, 2012; Herron, 2018). Participants would focus their controlled retrieval attempts more on specific elements (setting, objects, people, and actions) during the ESI (Schacter and Madore, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Does It Improve the Mind’s Eye?”: Sensorimotor Simulation in Episodic Event Construction

2019

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Memories are not frozen in the past. Instead, they can be dynamically combined to allow individuals to adapt to the present or even imagine the future. This recombination, called event construction , also means that it might be possible to improve memory through specific interventions such as episodic specificity induction (ESI). ESI provides brief training in recollecting the details of a past event that boosts the retrieval of specific details in subsequent tasks if these tasks involve the recombination of memories. However, very little is known about how event construction is accomplished, and this is essential if we are (1) to understand how episodic memory might work and (2) to promote a specific mechanism that will help people remember the past better. The present study assesses the sensorimotor simulation hypothesis, which has been proposed within the embodied approaches to cognition. According to these approaches, access to and the recombination of memories occur through the simulation of the sensory and motor propreties of our past experiences. This hypothesis was tested using a sensory interference paradigm. In a first phase, the participants watched videos and then received a specificity or a control induction. In a second phase, they described their memories of the videos while simultaneously viewing an interfering stimulus (dynamic visual noise; DVN) or a gray control screen. In line with a sensorimotor simulation account, the presentation of a DVN during the description of the videos led to a decrease in the number of internal details (details specific to the event) only after the specificity induction rather than the control induction. The findings provide evidence that the specificity induction targets and facilitates the sensorimotor simulation mechanism, thus confirming the crucial involvement of a mechanism of this sort in the constructive functioning of memory.

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Direct electrophysiological evidence for the maintenance of retrieval orientations and the role of cognitive control

Cited by 30 publications

References 63 publications

Pre-retrieval event-related potentials predict source memory during task switching

Pre-retrieval event-related potentials predict source memory during task switching

Preparation breeds success: Brain activity predicts remembering

“Does It Improve the Mind’s Eye?”: Sensorimotor Simulation in Episodic Event Construction

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