Direct effect of p,p'- DDT on mice liver

Abstract

Contact with the pesticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p′-DDT) can be the cause of various harmful effects in humans, wildlife, and the environment. This pesticide is known to be persistent, lipophilic, resistant to degradation, and bioaccumulive in the environment and to be slowly released into bloodstream. Growing evidence shows that exposure to DDT is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Individuals exposed to elevated levels of DDT and its metabolite have an increased prevalence of diabetes and insulin resistance. To evaluate these possible relationships, experiments were performed on eight-week-old female mice, divided into three groups (n = 10 per group): Group 1 received a vehicle-control intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of sesame oil; Groups 2 and 3 received an i.p. dose of 50 and 100 µg/g p,p′-DDT respectively, dissolved in sesame oil. All groups were treated once daily for four days. Real-time PCR analysis of several genes was undertaken. Additionally, biochemical parameters and histopathological changes were measured. NQO1, HMOX1, NR1I3 and NR3C1 were up-regulated in DDT-exposed animals compared to the vehicle control group, while only SREBP1 was down-regulated in the 100 µg/g group. MTTP and FABP5, not previously reported for DDT exposure, but involved in regulation of fatty acid fluxes, could also function as biomarkers cross-talking between these signaling pathways. These results suggest that beyond epidemiological data, there is increasing molecular evidence that DDT may mimic different processes involved in diabetes and insulin resistance pathways.Uniterms: Pesticides. Persistent organic pollutant. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane/exposure. Type 2 diabetes mellitus/exposure to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane/experimental study. Insulin/resistance/ exposure to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane. Gene expression.O contato com o praguicida diclorodifeniltricloroetano (p, p'-DDT) pode ser a causa de vários efeitos nocivos sobre os seres humanos, animais silvestres e o meio ambiente. Sabe-se de sua característica de bioacumulação, ser altamente persistente no meio ambiente, lipofílico, resistente à degradação e lentamente liberado na corrente sanguínea. Existe uma evidência crescente de que a exposição ao DDT pode ser ligada a Diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Os indivíduos expostos a níveis elevados de DDT e seu metabólito apresentam maior prevalência de diabetes e resistência à insulina. A fim de obter informações sobre essas possíveis relações, camundongos fêmeas de oito semanas de idade foram divididos em três grupos (n = 10 por grupo): Grupo 1 recebeu um veículo de óleo de gergelim via i.p.; os Grupos 2 e 3 receberam, via i.p., 50 e 100 µg/g de p, p'-DDT, respectivamente, dissolvidos em óleo de gergelim. Todos os grupos foram tratados uma vez ao dia durante quatro dias. Além da análise de PCR em Tempo Real de vários genes, os parâmetros bioquímicos e alterações histopatológicas também foram medidos. A expressão gênica do mRNA dos genes NQO1, HMOX1, NR1I3 e NR3C1 foi maior nos animais expostos ao DDT, e...

Chronic Exposure to Environmental DDT/DDE in 2 Species of Small Rodents: Measures of Contaminant Load, Immune Dysfunction, and Oxidative Stress

“…Through a photochemical reaction with sunlight or by dehydrochlorination in bacteria and animals, DDT is degraded into DDE, whereas DDD is formed by reductive dechlorination through microbial mediation or a chemical reaction (Aislabie et al 1997). The ubiquitous nature of DDT allows it to persist within the environment at sublethal levels for decades; over time, it bioaccumulates and biomagnifies in higher trophic levels (Guillette and Gunderson 2001;Arroyo-Salgado et al 2016), potentially increasing its physiological impacts, especially if exposure occurs during the sensitive developmental stages of life, which can lead to long-term dysfunction (Wolf et al 1999;Crews et al 2000;Clotfelter et al 2004;Patisaul and Adewale 2009;Schug et al 2011). Historically, DDT caused a decline in American robin (Turdus migratorius) populations, eggshell thinning in bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus; Hoffman et al 2003), reproductive abnormalities in alligators (Alligator mississippiensis; Guillette et al 1994), and a decline in semen quality in humans (Cheek and McLachlan 1998).…”

Dose-Dependent Response to the Environmental Pollutant Dichlorodipheniletylhene (DDE) in HepG2 Cells: Focus on Cell Viability and Mitochondrial Fusion/Fission Proteins

“…Given its lipophilic property, human exposure to DDT is mainly associated with consuming contaminated fatty foods (such as fish, milk, and fat meat) [24]. DDT and DDE can be biomagnified in the food chain [25] and bioaccumulated into adipose tissue and liver [26][27][28]. According to the US National Cancer Institute (NCI), the liver seems to be the main target organ of DDE in mammalian species [29], probably due to the high sensitivity of hepatic cells towards xenobiotics exposure [27].…”

Physiological Adaptation to Simultaneous Chronic Exposure to High-Fat Diet and Dichlorodipheniletylhene (DDE) in Wistar Rat Testis

“…Moreover, both DDT and DDE alter Sertoli cell–cell communications, acting on membrane stability and function [36]. Most studies have been carried out on cultured cells or administering moderately high doses of DDE (50–100 mg/kg body weight per day) intraperitoneally [37,38,39] or by gavage [40]. Hence, we decided to investigate the effect of a chronic lower oral DDE dose (10mg/kg b.w.…”