Direct digital additive manufacturing technologies: Path towards hybrid integration

Joshi, P. C.; Dehoff, Ryan R.; Duty, Chad; Peter, William H.; Ott, Ronald D; Love, Lonnie J.; Blue, Craig A.

doi:10.1109/fiiw.2012.6378353

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Here, we define AM as tools that fabricate in a layer-by-layer fashion, while DW is a selective deposition of materials with high resolution on any flat, conformal, or flexible surface. These printing methods are highly attractive because traditional fabrication required for radio frequency (RF) circuitry and electronics can be eliminated, while allowing for direct digital manufacturing of arbitrarily complex objects [3][4][5][6]. RF component design simulations reduced to fabrication can be an iterative process to refine, thus making printing methods ideal because they enable rapid prototyping and testing cycles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Printable Materials for the Realization of High Performance RF Components: Challenges and Opportunities

Rosker

Sandhu

Hester

et al. 2018

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Printing methods such as additive manufacturing (AM) and direct writing (DW) for radio frequency (RF) components including antennas, filters, transmission lines, and interconnects have recently garnered much attention due to the ease of use, efficiency, and low-cost benefits of the AM/DW tools readily available. The quality and performance of these printed components often do not align with their simulated counterparts due to losses associated with the base materials, surface roughness, and print resolution. These drawbacks preclude the community from realizing printed low loss RF components comparable to those fabricated with traditional subtractive manufacturing techniques. This review discusses the challenges facing low loss RF components, which has mostly been material limited by the robustness of the metal and the availability of AM-compatible dielectrics. We summarize the effective printing methods, review ink formulation, and the postprint processing steps necessary for targeted RF properties. We then detail the structure-property relationships critical to obtaining enhanced conductivities necessary for printed RF passive components. Finally, we give examples of demonstrations for various types of printed RF components and provide an outlook on future areas of research that will require multidisciplinary teams from chemists to RF system designers to fully realize the potential for printed RF components.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Printable Materials for the Realization of High Performance RF Components: Challenges and Opportunities

Rosker

Sandhu

Hester

et al. 2018

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A significant portion of the printed electronics processes is done using the roll to roll approach. For non-roll to roll printed devices, these are sometimes referred to as Direct Writing (DW) [10]. DW is an implied slow process and therefore another term of Direct Print (DP) is used to express digital printing patterns and including DW processes but done so using multiple nozzles or increased speeds [9].…”

Section: D Printing and Printed Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fully 3D Printed 2.4 GHz Bluetooth/Wi-Fi Antenna

Deffenbaugh

Church

Goldfarb

et al. 2013

International Symposium on Microelectronics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

3D printing and printed electronics are combined to demonstrate the feasibility of printing electrically functional RF devices. A combined process is used to demonstrate the feasibility of fabricating a 2.4 GHz antenna in a fully-3D printed object. Both dielectric, which also serves as the structure, and conductors are printed. Full-wave models are generated using Ansoft HFSS. Real-world tests using a Class 1 "100 m" Bluetooth module are conducted and compared against the performance of an industry-standard quarter wavelength monopole antenna.

show abstract

“…3D printers can be used to print a diverse set of materials from dielectrics to metals. The materials can be used either individually or in combination (mixed during fabrication) to obtain anisotropic permittivity and permeability values with a range wider than the basic materials used in their neat form [19,20]. We can also further enhance this range of available material parameters through careful design of geometric features in the unit cells.…”

Section: Fabrication and Characterization Of The Lensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Fabrication of a Radio Frequency GRIN Lens Using 3D Printing Technology

Allen¹,

Wu²

2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY ACRONYM(S)AFRL/RYMH SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY REPORT NUMBER(S)AFRL-RY-WP-TR-2013-0059 DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for public release; distribution unlimited. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTESPAO Case Number 88ABW-2013-1345, Clearance Date 20 March 2013 . Report contains color. ABSTRACTElectromagnetic media and metamaterials have been explored in frequency regimes ranging from the acoustic to the visible domain over the past decade. Here we present the design of a focusing GRadient INdex (GRIN) lens to operate at RF frequencies that is not polarization constrained. We compare theoretical and experimental results from this lens designed to operate at X-band and fabricated using 3D printing technology. The lens with radially varying refractive index gradient was designed, optimized and analyzed by conducting full-wave simulations finite-element method based software Ansoft HFSS®. The design was fabricated and experimentally results are compared to the performance of the theoretical design. SUBJECT TERMS List of FiguresFigure Page SUMMARYElectromagnetic media and metamaterials have been explored in frequency regimes ranging from the acoustic to the visible domain over the past decade. A large part of the design, fabrication and prototyping of such materials has focused on planar structures and devices have been demonstrated primarily for certain propagation directions and/or defined polarization. Here, we present the design of a focusing GRadient INdex (GRIN) lens that operates at radio frequency (RF) frequencies and is not polarization constrained. We compare the theoretical and experimental results from this lens designed to operate at X-band and fabricated using three dimensional (3D) printing technology to implement the effective medium. The lens with radially varying refractive index gradient was designed, optimized and analyzed by conducting full-wave simulations finite-element method based software. The permittivity was estimated by effective medium theory and calculated using HFSS®. The optimized design was used to fabricate the GRIN lens with isotropic, inhomogenous dielectric material. The refractive index was designed to match the theoretical results using mixing ratio of air/voids and a polymer. Further, we used the refractive index profile to predict the rays' trajectories and focus length to compare them to those predicted by the finite element method (FEM) simulations. The field distributions were also analyzed to compare performance of the theor...

show abstract

Direct digital additive manufacturing technologies: Path towards hybrid integration

Cited by 29 publications

References 22 publications

Printable Materials for the Realization of High Performance RF Components: Challenges and Opportunities

Printable Materials for the Realization of High Performance RF Components: Challenges and Opportunities

Fully 3D Printed 2.4 GHz Bluetooth/Wi-Fi Antenna

Design and Fabrication of a Radio Frequency GRIN Lens Using 3D Printing Technology

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About