Direct development of neurons within foregut endoderm of sea urchin embryos

Wen-ling, Zheng; Angerer, Robert C.; Angerer, Lynne M.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1018513108

Cited by 62 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Moreover, treatment of embryos with the -secretase inhibitor DAPT, which suppresses Notch signaling, supports these results. In sea urchin embryos, delta-Notch signaling suppresses differentiation of serotonergic neurons through lateral inhibition (Wei et al, 2011). Thus, if Notch signaling is blocked, additional neural precursors can differentiate and contribute to a cluster of serotonergic neurons.…”

Section: Fez Controls the Size Of The Animal Platementioning

confidence: 99%

Fez function is required to maintain the size of the animal plate in the sea urchin embryo

Yaguchi

Wen-ling

et al. 2011

Development

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SUMMARYPartitioning ectoderm precisely into neurogenic and non-neurogenic regions is an essential step for neurogenesis of almost all bilaterian embryos. Although it is widely accepted that antagonism between BMP and its inhibitors primarily sets up the border between these two types of ectoderm, it is unclear how such extracellular, diffusible molecules create a sharp and precise border at the single-cell level. Here, we show that Fez, a zinc finger protein, functions as an intracellular factor attenuating BMP signaling specifically within the neurogenic region at the anterior end of sea urchin embryos, termed the animal plate. When Fez function is blocked, the size of this neurogenic ectoderm becomes smaller than normal. However, this reduction is rescued in Fez morphants simply by blocking BMP2/4 translation, indicating that Fez maintains the size of the animal plate by attenuating BMP2/4 function. Consistent with this, the gradient of BMP activity along the aboral side of the animal plate, as measured by pSmad1/5/8 levels, drops significantly in cells expressing Fez and this steep decline requires Fez function. Our data reveal that this neurogenic ectoderm produces an intrinsic system that attenuates BMP signaling to ensure the establishment of a stable, welldefined neural territory, the animal plate.

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Section: Fez Controls the Size Of The Animal Platementioning

confidence: 99%

Fez function is required to maintain the size of the animal plate in the sea urchin embryo

Yaguchi

Wen-ling

et al. 2011

Development

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“…The anterior cells in this groove correspond to foregut (FG) because they express SoxB1 (Fig. 1D,E, green) (Wei et al, 2011). In addition to the reduction of ventral endoderm, the gut tissue is reduced in size because of defects in endoderm development that occur several days earlier during the early mesenchyme blastula stage (Sethi et al, 2012).…”

Section: Wnt1 Morphants Have Dramatic Posterior-ventral Defectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To examine this possibility, we introduced KikGR, the photoactivatable dye we used previously (Wei et al, 2011;Tsutsui et al, 2005), to label the cells in the posterior half of early mesenchyme blastulae red (Fig. 6Aa-c control and 6AaЈ-cЈ Wnt1 morphant).…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

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Axial patterning interactions in the sea urchin embryo: suppression of nodal by Wnt1 signaling

et al. 2012

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SUMMARYWnt and Nodal signaling pathways are required for initial patterning of cell fates along anterior-posterior (AP) and dorsal-ventral (DV) axes, respectively, of sea urchin embryos during cleavage and early blastula stages. These mechanisms are connected because expression of nodal depends on early Wnt/-catenin signaling. Here, we show that an important subsequent function of Wnt signaling is to control the shape of the nodal expression domain and maintain correct specification of different cell types along the axes of the embryo. In the absence of Wnt1, the posterior-ventral region of the embryo is severely altered during early gastrulation. Strikingly, at this time, nodal and its downstream target genes gsc and bra are expressed ectopically, extending posteriorly to the blastopore. They override the initial specification of posterior-ventral ectoderm and endoderm fates, eliminating the ventral contribution to the gut and displacing the ciliary band dorsally towards, and occasionally beyond, the blastopore. Consequently, in Wnt1 morphants, the blastopore is located at the border of the re-specified posterior-ventral oral ectoderm and by larval stages it is in the same plane near the stomodeum on the ventral side. In normal embryos, a Nodaldependent process downregulates wnt1 expression in dorsal posterior cells during early gastrulation, focusing Wnt1 signaling to the posterior-ventral region where it suppresses nodal expression. These subsequent interactions between Wnt and Nodal signaling are thus mutually antagonistic, each limiting the range of the other's activity, in order to maintain and stabilize the body plan initially established by those same signaling pathways in the early embryo.

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“…Neuronal precursors are present during late blastula and gastrula stages and appear to differentiate and become functional in early larval stages (55-96 hours). As in flies and vertebrates, the regulation of neuronal differentiation within the sea urchin ANE and CBE territories involves Delta-Notch-mediated lateral inhibition (Wei et al, 2011). Not all of the cell types within the ANE and CBE have been defined.…”

Section: Nervous System Development Within the Ane And Cbe Territoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of nervous system patterning: insights from sea urchin development

et al. 2011

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SummaryRecent studies of the sea urchin embryo have elucidated the mechanisms that localize and pattern its nervous system. These studies have revealed the presence of two overlapping regions of neurogenic potential at the beginning of embryogenesis, each of which becomes progressively restricted by separate, yet linked, signals, including Wnt and subsequently Nodal and BMP. These signals act to specify and localize the embryonic neural fields -the anterior neuroectoderm and the more posterior ciliary band neuroectoderm -during development. Here, we review these conserved nervous system patterning signals and consider how the relationships between them might have changed during deuterostome evolution.

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Direct development of neurons within foregut endoderm of sea urchin embryos

Cited by 62 publications

References 35 publications

Fez function is required to maintain the size of the animal plate in the sea urchin embryo

Fez function is required to maintain the size of the animal plate in the sea urchin embryo

Axial patterning interactions in the sea urchin embryo: suppression of nodal by Wnt1 signaling

The evolution of nervous system patterning: insights from sea urchin development

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