Direct Determination of Trace Antimony in Natural Waters by Photochemical Vapor Generation ICPMS: Method Optimization and Comparison of Quantitation Strategies

Abstract

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System optimization for determination of cobalt in biological samples by ICP-OES using photochemical vapor generation

“…[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] Furthermore, the impact of several additional parameters is generally not considered, including that of the temperature of the photoreactor on the intensity of the UV lamp (affected by the sample ow rate and inuencing photon ux) as well as independent supplies of Ar gas to the GLS (required for optimum phase separation and analyte transport efficiencies without causing excessive aerosol formation) and to the nebulizer such that the optimal observation height above the load coil can be achieved. [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] Furthermore, the impact of several additional parameters is generally not considered, including that of the temperature of the photoreactor on the intensity of the UV lamp (affected by the sample ow rate and inuencing photon ux) as well as independent supplies of Ar gas to the GLS (required for optimum phase separation and analyte transport efficiencies without causing excessive aerosol formation) and to the nebulizer such that the optimal observation height above the load coil can be achieved.…”

“…Use of this lamp for PVG relies on an averaging of the intensity over the length and diameter of the discharge. [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] These effects are less pronounced with the other two lamps ( Fig. 5 min for UV radiation and 10 min for temperature), water was introduced into each PVG reactor using a peristaltic pump and its impact on temperature and lamp intensity monitored for different ow rates.…”

“…Based on previous reports, [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] the PVG efficiencies of most elements strongly depend on the type and concentration of LMW organic acid in the solution. Using the above established experimental conditions, solutions containing only Co(II) prepared in formic, acetic and propionic acids at concentrations ranging from 4 to 60% (v/v) were investigated in detail.…”

“…A batch mode of sample processing permits exible irradiation times to be achieved but generates transient signals and is typically less efficient. [33][34][35][36][37][38][39] Zheng et al 40 pointed to the possibility that speciation of mercury in a formic acid medium could be undertaken by exposing the sample to either 254 nm radiation for the determination of total mercury, or to a visible light source for selective reduction of inorganic mercury. 22,23 A combined spraychamber/UV photolysis unit has also been studied 24 but suffers from the inability to control the irradiation time and is functional only over a limited range of sample introduction rates.…”

Multivariate optimization of photochemical vapor generation for direct determination of arsenic in seawater by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

“…The optimum concentrations of AA and FA for the PVG of As in standard solution were 15% (v/v) and 5% (v/v), respectively. As in the case of Sb [31], response of As in seawater was less than 35% of that from the same concentration of matrix-free standard solution due to the effect of sample matrix. Since the sample matrix have a significant influence on the PVG of As, NASS-6 seawater spiked with 1n gg À1 As was used to optimize the experimental conditions.…”