Direct determination of the effects of genotype and extreme temperature on the transposition of roo in long-term mutation accumulation lines of Drosophila melanogaster

Knowing the rate at which transposable elements (TEs) insert and delete is critical for understanding their role in genome evolution. We estimated spontaneous rates of insertion and deletion for all known, active TE superfamilies present in a set of Drosophila melanogaster mutation-accumulation (MA) lines using whole genome sequence data. Our results demonstrate that TE insertions far outpace TE deletions in D. melanogaster. We found a significant effect of background genotype on TE activity, with higher rates of insertions in one MA line. We also found significant rate heterogeneity between the chromosomes, with both insertion and deletion rates elevated on the X relative to the autosomes. Further, we identified significant associations between TE activity and chromatin state, and tested for associations between TE activity and other features of the local genomic environment such as TE content, exon content, GC content, and recombination rate. Our results provide the most detailed assessment of TE mobility in any organism to date, and provide a useful benchmark for both addressing theoretical predictions of TE dynamics and for exploring large-scale patterns of TE movement in D. melanogaster and other species.

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“…Maside et�al. 2000; Nuzhdin and Mackay 1994; V�zquez et�al. 2007; see supplementary table S1, Supplementary Material online).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Estimates of Transposable Element Insertion and Deletion Rates in Drosophila Melanogaster

Adrion

Song

Schrider

et al. 2017

Genome Biology and Evolution

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“…On the other hand, the results of such experiments are not always unambiguous and reproducible even under the same stress conditions. [14][15][16][17]40,41 At the present time we do not understand the molecular mechanisms underlying HS response in MEs. In our experiments we used severe heat shock which causes misfolding and aggregation of proteins and inhibits translation and storage of mRNAs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The peculiarities of piRNA expression upon heat shock exposure inDrosophila melanogaster

Funikov

Ryazansky

Zelentsova

et al. 2015

Mobile Genetic Elements

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Different types of stress including heat shock may induce genomic instability, due to the derepression and amplification of mobile elements (MEs). It remains unclear, however, whether piRNA-machinery regulating ME expression functions normally under stressful conditions. The aim of this study was to explore the features of piRNA expression after heat shock (HS) exposure in Drosophila melanogaster. We also evaluated functioning of piRNAmachinery in the absence of major stress protein Hsp70 in this species. We analyzed the deep sequence data of piRNA expression after HS treatment and demonstrated that it modulates the expression of certain double-stranded germinal piRNA-clusters. Notable, we demonstrated significant changes in piRNA levels targeting a group of MEs after HS only in the strain containing normal set of hsp70 genes. Surprisingly, we failed to detect any correlation between the levels of piRNAs and the transcription of complementary MEs in the studied strains. We propose that modulation of certain piRNA-clusters expression upon HS exposure in D. melanogaster occurs due to HS-induced altering of chromatin state at certain chromosome regions.

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“…However, temperature had no influence on the transposition rate in the same species [63,64]. In Caenorhabditis elegans, higher temperature stress had a significant effect on microsatellite mutation rate [65].…”

Section: (D) Mutation Ratementioning

confidence: 95%

Support for the evolutionary speed hypothesis from intraspecific population genetic data in the non-biting midgeChironomus riparius

et al. 2016

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The evolutionary speed hypothesis (ESH) proposes a causal mechanism for the latitudinal diversity gradient. The central idea of the ESH is that warmer temperatures lead to shorter generation times and increased mutation rates. On an absolute time scale, both should lead to an acceleration of selection and drift. Based on the ESH, we developed predictions regarding the distribution of intraspecific genetic diversity: populations of ectothermic species with more generations per year owing to warmer ambient temperatures should be more differentiated from each other, accumulate more mutations and show evidence for increased mutation rates compared with populations in colder regions. We used the multivoltine insect species Chironomus riparius to test these predictions with cytochrome oxidase I (COI) sequence data and found that populations from warmer regions are indeed significantly more differentiated and have significantly more derived haplotypes than populations from colder regions. We also found a significant correlation of the annual mean temperature with the population mutation parameter u that serves as a proxy for the per generation mutation rate under certain assumptions. This pattern could be corroborated with two nuclear loci. Overall, our results support the ESH and indicate that the thermal regime experienced may be crucially driving the evolution of ectotherms and may thus ultimately govern their speciation rate.

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Direct determination of the effects of genotype and extreme temperature on the transposition of roo in long-term mutation accumulation lines of Drosophila melanogaster

Cited by 12 publications

References 60 publications

Genome-Wide Estimates of Transposable Element Insertion and Deletion Rates in Drosophila Melanogaster

Genome-Wide Estimates of Transposable Element Insertion and Deletion Rates in Drosophila Melanogaster

The peculiarities of piRNA expression upon heat shock exposure inDrosophila melanogaster

Support for the evolutionary speed hypothesis from intraspecific population genetic data in the non-biting midgeChironomus riparius

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