Direct determination of glucuronide and sulfate of p-hydroxymethamphetamine in methamphetamine users’ urine

Conjugates of p-hydroxymethamphetamine and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine in blood obtained from methamphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine users: analysis by LC-MS-MS

“…Figure 2 shows product ion mass spectra of MA, MDMA, and their metabolites extracted from actual blood specimens of abusers. The spectra of p-OHMAGlu, p-OHMA-Sul, HMMA-Glu, and HMMA-Sul well agreed with those of the authentic standards reported previously [26,27]. No interfering peaks appeared in any of the spectra.…”

“…To more effectively detect p-OHMA or HMMA as an indicator for MA or MDMA use in forensic analysis, urine specimens have often been hydrolyzed using acids or β-glucuronidase for common GC-MS determinations [28]. However, blood specimens obtained from MA or MDMA users (particularly MA) have not been usually hydrolyzed.…”

“…p-OHMA and HMMA were synthesized according to the methods of Buzas and Dufour [24] and Lim and Foltz [25], respectively. p-OHMA-Glu, p-OHMA-Sul, HMMA-Glu, and HMMA-Sul were previously synthesized in our laboratory [26,27]. All synthesized standards had purities of greater than 98% based on LC-MS analysis by the direct fl ow injection method.…”

Recently abused β-keto derivatives of 3,4-methylenedioxyphenylalkylamines: a review of their metabolisms and toxicological analysis

“…To directly analyze the conjugate metabolites of bkMDPAs in urine by LC-MS or LC-MS-MS, deproteinization using methanol is thought to be the most efficient Table 4 Liquid-liquid extraction recoveries of methylone and its metabolites with and without NaCl procedure; it is based on our previous studies focusing on direct analysis of the conjugate metabolites of methamphetamine and MDMA, showing that deproteinization was more useful, because of its easy handling and relatively high recoveries as compared with those by solid-phase extraction [28,29]. bk-MDPAs may be unstable in urine, like cathinone and methcathinone.…”

Direct Analysis of Conjugate Metabolites of Methamphetamine, 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, and Their Designer Drugs in Biological Fluids

“…Therefore, to more effectively detect the metabolites, urine specimens have generally been hydrolyzed using acids and β-glucuronidase prior to the instrumental analysis, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and/or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). 31,32) The hydrolysis, however, has disadvantages such as requiring tedious handling and time-consuming incubation as well as obscuring the conjugation patterns of metabolites. The direct determination of the conjugate metabolites, if feasible, can resolve these problems without incident.…”