Direct detection of trace levels of uranium by laser-induced kinetic phosphorimetry

Brina, Rossella; Miller, Allan G.

doi:10.1021/ac00037a020

Cited by 206 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…All uranium samples were analyzed using kinetic phosphorescence (KPA) (b) (Brina and Miller 1992). Briefly, this method involves laser excitation of soluble uranium ions that have been complexed with a proprietary ligand.…”

Section: E1 Analytical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capstone Depleted Uranium Aerosols: Generation and Characterization

Parkhurst¹,

Szrom²,

Guilmette³

et al. 2004

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SummaryArmor-piercing, depleted-uranium (DU) munitions were used by the U.S. Armed Forces on the battlefield for the first time during the 1991 Gulf War Operation Desert Storm (ODS).( ) a Although the U.S. Army has conducted periodic impact tests on armored targets, the tests involved only limited sampling to characterize the aerosols that form when DU penetrators impact and perforate targets. As a consequence, the available data were insufficient for performing human health risk assessments. To remedy this, the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) committed to obtaining more complete data about aerosols generated by the impact and perforation of armored vehicles by DU munitions to support a revised and updated personnel exposure assessment and human health risk characterization. The program arising from this commitment is the Capstone DU Aerosol Characterization and Risk Assessment Program consisting of two separate components. The first is the Capstone DU Aerosol Study, in which DU aerosols were generated through perforation of armored target vehicles, and the chemical and physical properties of aerosols generated were characterized. The study methods and results are presented in this report. The second component of the program is the Human Health Risk Assessment, documented in the Human Health Risk Assessment of Capstone Depleted Uranium Aerosols (Guilmette et al. 2004). S.1 PurposeUnder a program jointly sponsored by the Office of the Special Assistant for Gulf War Illnesses, Medical Readiness and Military Deployment (OSAGWI) ( ) b and the U.S. Army, the Army Heavy Metals Office provided oversight to the Capstone DU Aerosol Study, which was designed to quantify and characterize DU aerosols inside, on, and near Abrams tanks and Bradley Fighting Vehicles (also referred to as Bradley vehicles) struck by large-caliber DU (LC-DU) penetrators. This report, which documents the Capstone study, is the sourcebook of data from which reasonable and appropriate data could be selected for assessing exposure and characterizing human health risks to personnel who were exposed to aerosols during the Gulf War/ODS or potentially could be exposed to aerosols in future military activities. These data are expected to fill many gaps in available aerosol knowledge, thereby helping risk assessors to better estimate the health risks from DU aerosols to affected personnel.The aerosol data derived from this study provides the basis for modeling input parameters by summarizing the bounds and characteristics of typical aerosols generated by perforating armored vehicles with LC-DU penetrators. The test results will be used to update the human health risk characterizations for OSAGWI Gulf War/ODS exposure scenarios, and to determine if changes in personnel protective measures are warranted to reduce risks to DoD personnel in the future. S.2 Investigation TeamAn independent subject matter expert from Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) directed the Capstone DU Aerosol Study. S.3 Study OverviewThe Capstone DU Aerosol Study involved ...

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Section: E1 Analytical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capstone Depleted Uranium Aerosols: Generation and Characterization

Parkhurst¹,

Szrom²,

Guilmette³

et al. 2004

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“…Current uranium detection relies mainly on instrumental analysis methods, which are based on intrinsic physical properties of the element, such as atomic absorption (15), emission (16), phosphorescence (17,18), mass (19), or redox potential (20). Most instrumental analysis methods detect only total uranium with poor portability.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A catalytic beacon sensor for uranium with parts-per-trillion sensitivity and millionfold selectivity

Liu

Brown

Meng

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

481

476

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Here, we report a catalytic beacon sensor for uranyl (UO 2 2؉ ) based on an in vitro-selected UO 2 2؉ -specific DNAzyme. The sensor consists of a DNA enzyme strand with a 3 quencher and a DNA substrate with a ribonucleotide adenosine (rA) in the middle and a fluorophore and a quencher at the 5 and 3 ends, respectively. The presence of UO 2 2؉ causes catalytic cleavage of the DNA substrate strand at the rA position and release of the fluorophore and thus dramatic increase of fluorescence intensity. The sensor has a detection limit of 11 parts per trillion (45 pM), a dynamic range up to 400 nM, and selectivity of >1-million-fold over other metal ions. The most interfering metal ion, Th(IV), interacts with the fluorescein fluorophore, causing slightly enhanced fluorescence intensity, with an apparent dissociation constant of Ϸ230 M. This sensor rivals the most sensitive analytical instruments for uranium detection, and its application in detecting uranium in contaminated soil samples is also demonstrated. This work shows that simple, cost-effective, and portable metal sensors can be obtained with similar sensitivity and selectivity as much more expensive and sophisticated analytical instruments. Such a sensor will play an important role in environmental remediation of radionuclides such as uranium.DNA ͉ DNAzyme ͉ fluorescence ͉ deoxyribozyme ͉ catalytic DNA

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“…NMR effluent samples were collected, and U concentration was measured using a kinetic phosphorescence analyzer (KPA) (Brina and Miller, 1992;Cao et al, 2011b).…”

Section: Analysis Of U Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Substrate Utilization, Metabolite Production, and Uranium Immobilization in Shewanella oneidensis Biofilms

Renslow

Ahmed

Nuñez

et al. 2017

Front. Environ. Sci.

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In this study, we developed a two-dimensional mathematical model to predict substrate utilization and metabolite production rates in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 biofilm in the presence and absence of uranium (U). In our model, lactate and fumarate are used as the electron donor and the electron acceptor, respectively. The model includes the production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The EPS bound to the cell surface and distributed in the biofilm were considered bound EPS (bEPS) and loosely associated EPS (laEPS), respectively. COMSOL ® Multiphysics finite element analysis software was used to solve the model numerically (model file provided in the Supplementary Material). The input variables of the model were the lactate, fumarate, cell, and EPS concentrations, half saturation constant for fumarate, and diffusion coefficients of the substrates and metabolites. To estimate unknown parameters and calibrate the model, we used a custom designed biofilm reactor placed inside a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) microimaging and spectroscopy system and measured substrate utilization and metabolite production rates. From these data we estimated the yield coefficients, maximum substrate utilization rate, half saturation constant for lactate, stoichiometric ratio of fumarate and acetate to lactate and stoichiometric ratio of succinate to fumarate. These parameters are critical to predicting the activity of biofilms and are not available in the literature. Lastly, the model was used to predict uranium immobilization in S. oneidensis MR-1 biofilms by considering reduction and adsorption processes in the cells and in the EPS. We found that the majority of immobilization was due to cells, and that EPS was less efficient at immobilizing U. Furthermore, most of the immobilization occurred within the top 10 µm of the biofilm. To the best of our knowledge, this research is one of the first biofilm immobilization mathematical models based on experimental observation. It has the ability to predict the relative contributions to U immobilization of laEPS, bEPS, and cells.

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Direct detection of trace levels of uranium by laser-induced kinetic phosphorimetry

Cited by 206 publications

References 8 publications

Capstone Depleted Uranium Aerosols: Generation and Characterization

Capstone Depleted Uranium Aerosols: Generation and Characterization

A catalytic beacon sensor for uranium with parts-per-trillion sensitivity and millionfold selectivity

Modeling Substrate Utilization, Metabolite Production, and Uranium Immobilization in Shewanella oneidensis Biofilms

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