Direct Detection of Candida albicans with a Membrane Based Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Sensor

Kwasny, Dorota; Tehrani, Sheida Esmail; Almeida, Catarina; Schjødt, Ida; Svendsen, Winnie Edith

doi:10.3390/s18072214

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…This labeled proof-of-concept assay is only applicable for artificially derived GFP expressing yeasts; still, for wild-type strains, this approach could be potentially extended by employing fluorescently labeled antibodies or peptide nucleic acid-based fluorescence in situ hybridization. [125,126] While only a handful of works demonstrated microfluidicassisted identification of fungal species, there are numerous biosensing systems for fungal pathogens detection [127][128][129][130] which…”

Section: Step 2: Microfluidics For Fungal Pathogen Detection and Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paving the Way to Overcome Antifungal Drug Resistance: Current Practices and Novel Developments for Rapid and Reliable Antifungal Susceptibility Testing

et al. 2021

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treating IFI, rising resistance to these drugs is a cause of major concern. [1,3] For example, the globally emerging multidrug-resistant species Candida auris is now recognized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as an urgent threat. [4] Thus, its proper treatment is therefore crucial for both individual therapeutic outcomes and preventing its spread. [5] The increasing and undirected use of antifungals in medicine and agriculture is associated with the rising numbers of acquired resistance in fungi. [3] The readers are referred to the following excellent reviews on fungal pathogens [6,7] and antifungal resistance [3] for further reading. The latter, in combination with the challenges associated with developing novel antifungals, emphasizes the need for rapid disease detection and adequate antifungal therapy protocols. [3,8] Implementing such measures is part of a proper antimicrobial stewardship aimed at reducing the excessive usage of antimicrobial therapies in clinical settings by encouraging physicians to prescribe appropriate antimicrobials only when truly required. [9] Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST), specifically antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST), is employed to reveal the susceptibility or resistance of fungal pathogens to clinically relevant antifungals. [10,11] In these tests, pathogenic fungi are exposed to various concentrations of a panel of antifungals to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values, which are typically defined as the lowest drug concentration inhibiting the pathogen's growth. [12] MIC values allow physicians to predict the success of antifungal treatments. [13] As such, rapid AFST is an essential tool to improve antifungal therapy by choosing the correct and most effective antifungal drug in a timely manner. Early therapy initiation is also crucial for enhancing the therapeutic outcome of patients with invasive fungal infections, such as life-threatening bloodstream infections. [14] Clinical AFST is conducted according to standardized methods and protocols, published by the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) or the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). [12,15] Yet, as these gold-standard methods are laborious and typically require at least 24 h (and in many cases, several days) for completion, [12,16] significant research efforts are now being directed toward the development of more expedited phenotypic and molecular AFST techniques. [17,18] The past year has established the link between the COVID-19 pandemic and the global spread of severe fungal infections; thus, underscoring the critical need for rapid and realizable fungal disease diagnostics. While in recent years, health authorities, such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, have reported the alarming emergence and spread of drug-resistant pathogenic fungi and warned against the devastating consequences, progress in the diagnosis and treatment of fungal infections is limited. Early diagnosis and patient-tailored t...

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Section: Step 2: Microfluidics For Fungal Pathogen Detection and Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paving the Way to Overcome Antifungal Drug Resistance: Current Practices and Novel Developments for Rapid and Reliable Antifungal Susceptibility Testing

et al. 2021

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“…The developed sensor showed high sensitivity and specificity towards Candida albicans providing rapid and accurate detection in less than 1 hour. Future work requires optimization of the sensor functionalization protocol to ensure more reliable target binding [22] . EphA2-deficient mice demonstrated reduced inflammatory responses and IL-17 signalling, resulting in severe disease.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Candida albicans, from endodontic point of view

Perez¹,

Treviño-Tijerina²,

Leal-Camarillo³

et al. 2021

Int. J. Appl. Dent. Sci.

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Introduction: Candida albicans is a ubiquitous commensal organism that commonly colonizes the oral mucosa. In fact, up to 80% of the general population are carriers. Objective: To analyze the literature about C. albicans, its epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical manifestations, antimicrobial resistance and treatment in relation to endodontics. Methodology: Using the keywords Candida albicans in conjunction with epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical manifestations, antimicrobial resistance and treatment, the main public databases were searched, with emphasis on the last 5 years. It was evaluated with the PRISMA and AMSTAR-2 guidelines. Results: C. albicans is the fungus most frequently isolated in root canal infections, it binds to the dentin to form biofilms within the dentin tubules. C. albicans can be detected by different diagnostic methods, the most used is cultivation. This microorganism is increasingly found in the oral cavity, it is responsible for endodontic failure, its biofilms are inherently resistant to antifungal drugs, the host's immune system, environmental stresses and biomechanical treatment. The most favourable method to eliminate is using Qmi X irritant and Endo Vac as a suction system, together with chemo mechanical debridement. Conclusions: C. albicans is a pathogen which has been presenting itself more frequently in the oral cavity, in the endodontic area, it is the fungus that is most frequently found in the root canals, either due to primary or secondary infection.

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“…Despite the potential and multiple advantages of electrochemical methods, a limited number of publications have so far reported on their application for fungal diagnosis. Direct detection of C. albicans has been achieved using membrane based electrochemical impedance spectroscopy [ 123 ]. A sensor electrode primed with anti- Candida antibodies appeared to have a detection sensitivity of 10 CFU/mL.…”

Section: Working Principal Of Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosensors and Diagnostics for Fungal Detection

Hussain

Malavia

Johnson

et al. 2020

JoF

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Early detection is critical to the successful treatment of life-threatening infections caused by fungal pathogens, as late diagnosis of systemic infection almost always equates with a poor prognosis. The field of fungal diagnostics has some tests that are relatively simple, rapid to perform and are potentially suitable at the point of care. However, there are also more complex high-technology methodologies that offer new opportunities regarding the scale and precision of fungal diagnosis, but may be more limited in their portability and affordability. Future developments in this field are increasingly incorporating new technologies provided by the use of new format biosensors. This overview provides a critical review of current fungal diagnostics and the development of new biophysical technologies that are being applied for selective new sensitive fungal biosensors to augment traditional diagnostic methodologies.

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Direct Detection of Candida albicans with a Membrane Based Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Sensor

Cited by 18 publications

References 20 publications

Paving the Way to Overcome Antifungal Drug Resistance: Current Practices and Novel Developments for Rapid and Reliable Antifungal Susceptibility Testing

Paving the Way to Overcome Antifungal Drug Resistance: Current Practices and Novel Developments for Rapid and Reliable Antifungal Susceptibility Testing

Candida albicans, from endodontic point of view

Biosensors and Diagnostics for Fungal Detection

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