Direct detection of brominated flame retardants from plastic e‐waste using liquid extraction surface analysis mass spectrometry

Abstract

LESA-MS is fast, simple, and robust allowing unambiguous detection of a range of additives through tandem mass spectrometry. LESA-MS does not require dissolution of the solid matrix nor the sample to be present under vacuum and the use of separative techniques prior to analysis is not necessary.

Evidence of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) relevant substances in polymeric food-contact articles sold on the European market

“…Concerning the overall BFR presence, in one of the PCB samples TBBPA and 1,2- bis (2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE) were dominantly present in combination with decaBDE-209. Paine et al ( 2014 ) developed a method for the direct detection of BFRs from plastic WEEE by use of liquid extraction surface analysis mass spectrometry. From shredded and granulated electronic waste samples eight small granulates with different colours, except black, were selected.…”

Recent developments in the analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polybrominated biphenyls in plastic

“…Several methods including liquid extraction surface analysis mass spectrometry (Paine et al 2014), thermal desorption mass spectrometry (Hosaka et al 2005), direct probe coupled with APCI (Ballesteros-Gómez et al 2013), APPI (Ballesteros-Gómez et al 2014), and pyrolysis-GC mass spectrometry (Riess et al 2000a,b) were developed for direct, fast detection of PBDEs and PBBs in plastic, compromising the analytical accuracy. Also, an electrothermal vaporization coupling with ICP-MS (Okamoto et al 2010) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) portable analyzer (Pöhlein et al 2008) are available for direct determination of bromine in plastics with sufficient sensitivity.…”

Assessment of tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA) content in plastic waste recovered from WEEE

“…Literature data about the presence of BFRs in WEEE plastics, is rather limited (Yu et al, 2017), although these compounds can, potentially, be transferred into the recyclates (Hahladakis et al, 2018a;Samsonek et al, 2015). Consequently, efforts are being made to develop ways for screening the material prior to recycling, in order to remove BFRs from the plastic fraction of WEEE (Paine et al, 2014), as per the 2012/95/EC Directive (European Commission, 2012).…”

“…Kousaiti, et al Journal of Hazardous Materials xxx (xxxx) xxxx Table 1 TBBPA content levels measured in e-waste polymeric matrices by analytical methods, according to literature. (Chen et al, 2012;Morf et al, 2005;Wäger et al, 2012;Vehlow et al, 2000) and assessed the efficiency of different methods for the extraction and identification of BFRs (Vilaplana and Karlsson, 2008;Paine et al, 2014;Schlummer et al, 2005). Nonetheless, to the authors' best knowledge, inadequate data about TBBPA content was provided; especially for categories: 1 (large household appliances), 2 (small household appliances) and 4 (consumer electronics), also known as small WEEE (sWEEE) (Karagiannidis et al, 2005).…”