Direct deposition of inorganic–organic hybrid semiconductors and their template-assisted microstructures

Electrodeposition of PbO and its in situ conversion to CH3NH3PbI3 for mesoscopic perovskite solar cells

“…19 In addition, EDX linescan for the cross sectional film of the PbO coated mesoscopic TiO 2 film was characterized, and the result showed that the electrodeposited PbO was well filled on the mesoscopic TiO 2 film, as shown in Figure S1.The as-prepared 25 PbO film was exposed in iodine vapors with the active layer downwards in an enclosed dark glass chamber. 22 After iodination at 80°C for 20 minutes, the slight opaque yellow film became bright yellow and transparent. The film surface was fully covered by a layer of interconnected rice-shaped PbI 2 crystals, which is 30 high crystalline with the grain sizes of 100-200 nm and the thickness of ~200 nm, as shown in Figure 1e and 1f.…”

“…The formation of the upper layer of PbI 2 is probably due to the volume expansion from the interdiffusion reaction of the layered PbO and iodine vapors. 22 This upper layer is beneficial to the 35 further formation of the perovskite for improving light harvesting capacity and thus the device performance, which is intensively expected in the sequential deposition for the perovskite mesoscopic solar cells. 7 For the formation of the perovskite, the PbI 2 film was deposited with a layer of methylammonium iodide 40 (MAI) by spin coating technique, followed by the thermal annealing according to the interdiffusion methods.…”

“…As shown in Figure 2a, the absorption spectrum of the deposited PbO on TiO 2 film is in the 70 visible short-wavelength region with absorption onset at ~520 nm, similar to that of the previous report. 22 After the iodination, the absorption spetrum is red-shifted with a typical absorption peak at 500 nm for PbI 2 . 24 After the interdiffusion reaction between PbI 2 and MAI, the film shows the typical absorption spectrum of 75 the perovskite with the onset at 770 nm.…”

Fabrication and room-temperature exciton photoluminescence stability studies of inorganic–organic hybrid (C12H25NH3)2SnI4 thin films

“…Further the electrochemical deposition completely ensures the filling of interstitial spaces, therefore the proposed methodology could be highly effective in integrating these IO hybrids into device structures including 3D/2D templates [26e29]. Several Sn(II) IO hybrid based large-area prototype devices (from chemical synthesis followed by spin coating) are already been reported [11,12,29,30,36]. Similarly, IO-LED and solar cell prototype devices are being reported recently for other varieties of IO hybrids [36,46].…”

Naturally Self-Assembled Nanosystems and Their Templated Structures for Photonic Applications

“…After having optimized electrodeposition conditions, such as electrolyte recipe, surface quality, structural, and optical properties, we have extensively investigated to fabricate 2D and 3D periodic and quasiperiodic nano/micro-structure from template-assisted growth techniques [11,12,17,82]. During this investigation, several composite semiconductors such as CdSe, CdTe, ZnO, PbO, PbS, and PbI 2 are successfully fabricated and their optoelectronic properties are thoroughly investigated.…”