Direct demonstration of persistent Epstein-Barr virus gene expression in peripheral blood of infected common marmosets and analysis of virus-infected tissues in vivo.

Farrell, Paul J.; Hollyoake, Martine; Niedobitek, Gerald; Agathanggelou, Angelo; Morgan, Andrew; Wedderburn, Nina

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-78-6-1417

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Total cell RNA was treated with glyoxal and electrophoresed on agarose gels in 10 mM sodium phosphate (pH 7.0) prior to blotting on to Biodyne A nylon membrane (Pall) and probing with 32 P-labeled PCR products corresponding to EBER1 or EBER2 RNA sequence made with the primers P0364 and P0365 or the primers P4112 and P4114, respectively (10). The probes were labeled with a Megaprime DNA labeling system (GE Healthcare).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular Gene Expression That Correlates with EBER Expression in Epstein-Barr Virus-Infected Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines

Gregorovic

Bosshard

Karstegl

et al. 2011

J Virol

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Novel Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) strains with deletion of either EBER1 or EBER2 and corresponding revertant viruses were constructed and used to infect B lymphocytes to make lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). The LCLs were used in microarray expression profiling to identify genes whose expression correlates with the presence of EBER1 or EBER2. Functions of regulated genes identified in the microarray analysis include membrane signaling, regulation of apoptosis, and the interferon/antiviral response. Although most emphasis has previously been given to EBER1 because it is more abundant than EBER2, the differences in cell gene expression were greater with EBER2 deletion. In this system, deletion of EBER1 or EBER2 had little effect on the EBV transformation frequency of primary B cells or the growth of the resulting LCLs. Using the recombinant viruses and novel EBER expression vectors, the nuclear redistribution of rpL22 protein by EBER1 in 293 cells was confirmed, but in LCLs almost all of the cells had a predominantly cytoplasmic expression of this ribosomal protein, which was not detectably changed by EBER1. The changes in LCL gene expression identified here will provide a basis for identifying the mechanisms of action of EBER RNAs.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular Gene Expression That Correlates with EBER Expression in Epstein-Barr Virus-Infected Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines

Gregorovic

Bosshard

Karstegl

et al. 2011

J Virol

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“…Cytoplasmic RNA was extracted and compared on Northern blots to RNA from EBV-positive Akata 6 cells (17) (lanes 6) or untransfected Akata 31 cells (lanes 31). Replica blots were probed for EBER1 or EBER2 with probes described previously (8).…”

Section: Fig 3 (A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Variant Chromatin Structure of the oriP Region of Epstein-Barr Virus and Regulation of EBER1 Expression by Upstream Sequences and oriP

Wensing

Stühler

Jenkins

et al. 2001

J Virol

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Most of the Epstein-Barr virus genome in latently infected cells is in a standard nucleosomal structure, but the region encompassing oriP and the Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNA (EBER) genes shows a distinctive pattern when digested with micrococcal nuclease. This pattern corresponds to a previously mapped nuclear matrix attachment region. Although the EBER genes are adjacent to oriP, there is only a two-to fourfold effect of oriP on EBER expression. However, sequences containing a consensus ATF site upstream of EBER1 are important for EBER1 expression.The relationship between gene expression, local chromatin structure, and proximity to origins of DNA replication are all of current interest in the study of gene regulation. The EpsteinBarr virus (EBV) chromosome may be a useful system to study these topics, since it is a relatively large circular doublestranded DNA genome (about 172 kb in length) which is maintained in cell nuclei as a multicopy episome (7, 18). The EBV DNA contains about 85 genes, most of which are transcribed by cell RNA polymerase II, but the two EBV-encoded small RNA (EBER) genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase III. Sensitivity of RNA polymerase III transcription to control by proteins conventionally considered to regulate transcription factors for genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II has been studied recently (20). The EBER genes are located immediately adjacent to the oriP plasmid origin of replication, which is required for the maintenance of the EBV episome in human cells. oriP contains two segments of reiterated binding sites for the EBV EBNA1 protein, the family of repeats (FR) and the dyad symmetry element. In addition to its role in plasmid maintenance, the FR portion of oriP also acts as a transcription enhancer and has been shown to increase transcription from the EBV Cp promoter (23) and the promoter for the LMP1 gene (9), both of which are transcribed by RNA polymerase II.The EBERs are the most abundant EBV transcripts in latently infected cells. EBER1 is 167 nucleotides and EBER2 is 172 nucleotides in length. Neither is thought to be translated into protein, and their functions are uncertain (for a review, see reference 4). Although the EBER genes are not essential for EBV infection of human B lymphocytes and establishment of lymphoblastoid cell lines (24), the EBERs are expressed in several types of EBV-associated cancer. Analysis of the cell growth properties of the Akata Burkitt's lymphoma cell line indicated that EBER genes conferred a more-transformed phenotype on clones of Akata cells that lack EBV, converting their growth properties to be more similar to EBV-positive clones of Akata cells (19). EBERs are not expressed to a significant degree in the lytic EBV infection observed in oral hairy leukoplakia (10), and the transcription of the EBER genes has been shown to be reduced when infected cells are induced to the lytic cycle (11). EBER genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase III, and the EBER genes contain internal promoter sequences similar to those in other pol...

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“…There have been several studies of EBV infection of common marmosets (Cox et al ., 1996 , 1998 ; Emini et al , 1986 ; Farrell et al ., 1997 ; Mackett et al ., 1996 ; Wedderburn et al ., 1984 ). The present results suggest the possibility that some of the findings of previous studies may have been confounded by the presence of an unrecognized endogenous gammaherpesvirus in the common marmoset population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of an Epstein–Barr virus-related gammaherpesvirus from common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)

Jenson

Ench

Zhang

et al. 2002

Journal of General Virology

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Direct demonstration of persistent Epstein-Barr virus gene expression in peripheral blood of infected common marmosets and analysis of virus-infected tissues in vivo.

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

Cellular Gene Expression That Correlates with EBER Expression in Epstein-Barr Virus-Infected Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines

Cellular Gene Expression That Correlates with EBER Expression in Epstein-Barr Virus-Infected Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines

Variant Chromatin Structure of the oriP Region of Epstein-Barr Virus and Regulation of EBER1 Expression by Upstream Sequences and oriP

Characterization of an Epstein–Barr virus-related gammaherpesvirus from common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)

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