Direct conversion of solid hydrocarbons in a molten carbonate fuel cell

Predtechensky, M. R.; Varlamov, Yu. D.; Ul’yankin, S. N.; Dubov, Yu. D.

doi:10.1134/s086986430904009x

Cited by 13 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…337,339 Interestingly, the main issue associated with the prolonged use of MCFCs is the degradation of the cell components instead of the decomposition of molten salt electrolyte. The reason is that the cell operating temperature is relatively high (typically between 600 o C to 850 o C due to the high melting temperature of carbonates) 340 when compared to that of hydroxide based fuel cells, 337,[341][342][343][344] which is problematic to the construction materials of the cell components. However, the eutectic carbonate salt mixture is adequately stable at the operating temperatures.…”

Section: Liquid Metal Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrolytes for electrochemical energy storage

Xia

et al. 2017

Mater. Chem. Front.

225

116

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A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription.For more information, please contact eprints@nottingham.ac.uk Journal NameThis journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 20xxJ. Name., 2013, 00, 1-3 | 1 Electrolyte is a key component of electrochemical energy storage (EES) devices and its properties greatly affect the energy capacity, rate performance, cyclability and safety of all EES devices. This article offers a critical review of recent progresses and challenges in electrolyte research and development particularly for supercapacitors and supercapatteries, recharegable batteries (such as lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries), and redox flow batteries (including fuel cells in a broad sense). The review will focus on liquid electrolytes, particularly aqueous and organic electrolytes, ionic liquids and molten salts. Influences of electrolyte properties on the performances of different EES devices are discussed in detail.

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Section: Liquid Metal Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrolytes for electrochemical energy storage

Xia

et al. 2017

Mater. Chem. Front.

225

116

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“…Activation energies tended to decrease (processes became more facile) as wt% H and volatile matter content increased. Enhanced reactivity of coals with higher wt% H [11] and the i n t e r n a t i o n a l j o u r n a l o f h y d r o g e n e n e r g y 4 0 ( 2 0 1 5 ) 1 9 4 5 e1 9 5 8 significance of volatile matter [29] have previously been reported for MCFC-type DCFCs ((LieK) 2 CO 3 , 700 C).…”

Section: Carbon Fuelmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Bubble evolution due to carbonate decomposition at elevated temperature (600 C) has been studied by Kim et al (2014) [37]. Bubble formation at solid/molten carbonate reactive interfaces has been well illustrated by Chen et al [38], and the effects of bubble formation at anode reactive sites in a single chamber MCFC-type DCFC have been reported [11]. These single-chamber experiments consisted of a (38e62 mol % LieK) 2 CO 3 containing vessel where the carbon fuel was kept separate from the cathode by meshes, which also served as current collectors, and cathode gases (O 2 eCO 2 ) were introduced at 700e800 C [39].…”

Section: Reaction Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Electrochemical data has been acquired using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), where potential was typically measured against Au in a 33:67 vol% O 2 /CO 2 atmosphere [6]. MCFC-type DCFC singleatmosphere 3-electrode setups, detailed in Table 1, have been employed to investigate a variety of experimental variables, including: coal rank [9], coal pre-treatments [10], carbon fuel properties [13], carbon loading [6], carbonate melt additives [19,20], stirring rate [6], temperature [8], time [23] and atmosphere composition [6,11,12]. These setups have also been employed to explore DCFC reaction mechanisms [22], and to measure current at fixed potential in order to calculate activation energies [8,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hybrid direct carbon fuel cell anode processes investigated using a 3-electrode half-cell setup

Deleebeeck

Arenillas

Menéndez

2015

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Cyclic voltammetry (CV) Bituminous coal Carbon monoxide Carbon dioxide a b s t r a c t A 3-electrode half-cell setup consisting of a yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte support was employed to investigate the chemical and electrochemical processes occurring in the vicinity of a model hybrid direct carbon fuel cell (HDCFC) anode (Ni-YSZ) in contact with a molten carbon-alkali carbonate slurry. Electrochemical testing, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), with and without the Ni-YSZ layer highlighted the promotional effect of the Ni-YSZ anode layer, and revealed the contributions of Ni/NiO, and potentially K/K 2 O, redox couple(s). Treated anthracite and bituminous coals, as well as carbon black, were tested, revealing similar open circuit potential and activation energies in mixed 96e4 vol% N 2 eCO 2 and 50e50 vol% COeCO 2 environments between 700 and 800 C. Bituminous coal showed the highest activity, likely associated to a high O/C ratio and hydrogen content. Based on acquired data, a reaction scheme was proposed for processes at the working electrode, including the role of bubble formation in the vicinity of the electrochemically active solid/molten medium interface.

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“…22 Among cannel coal, anthracite and graphite, cannel coal had the highest hydrogen content, therefore, the best maximum power density of the cell was obtained with this coal. Moisture is another parameter to be considered, and this has been plotted with the relationship of power output over a period of 24 hours in Figure 11c.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of durability of hybrid direct carbon fuel cells with anthracite coal and bituminous coal

Jiang

Arenillas

et al. 2016

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Direct carbon fuel cells offer the opportunity of generating energy from coal at high efficiency as an alternative to the procedure of conventional power plants. In this study, raw anthracite coal and raw bituminous coal were investigated in a hybrid direct carbon fuel cell (HDCFC), which was a combination of a solid oxide fuel cell and a molten carbonate fuel cell. Mechanical mixing was confirmed to be an efficient method of mixing coal with carbonate. The coal samples had different properties, for example, carbon content, hydrogen content, volatile matter and impurities. The results showed that the maximum power density obtained by the cell with anthracite coal was similar to that obtained by the cell with bituminous coal. It was found that the total power output from coal in HDCFCs mostly depended on the carbon content, while volatile matter, hydrogen content, moisture, etc. had an effect on the short-term durability. HDCFCs were kept operating for more than 120 hours with 1.6 g coal. This study demonstrates that energy can be generated efficiently by employing anthracite and bituminous coal in hybrid direct carbon fuel cells.

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Direct conversion of solid hydrocarbons in a molten carbonate fuel cell

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

Electrolytes for electrochemical energy storage

Electrolytes for electrochemical energy storage

Hybrid direct carbon fuel cell anode processes investigated using a 3-electrode half-cell setup

Comparative study of durability of hybrid direct carbon fuel cells with anthracite coal and bituminous coal

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