Direct conversion of natural gas to higher hydrocarbons: A review

Majhi, Sachchit; Mohanty, Pravakar; Wang, Hui; Pant, Kamal K.

doi:10.1016/s2095-4956(13)60071-6

Cited by 101 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…Methane, a greenhouse gas and the main constituent of natural gas, can be converted into valuable chemicals by either an oxidative, indirect route, or a non-oxidative, direct route [1][2][3][4][5]. Catalytic methane dehydroaromatization (MDA) is a promising direct route to convert methane into aromatic feedstocks to be used in various petrochemical industries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the stability of Zn-based HZSM-5 catalysts for methane dehydroaromatization

Abdelsayed

Smith

Shekhawat

2015

Applied Catalysis A: General

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the stability of Zn-based HZSM-5 catalysts for methane dehydroaromatization

Abdelsayed

Smith

Shekhawat

2015

Applied Catalysis A: General

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“…Regarding the possible zeolites, the most adequate are those with structures containing pores of dimensions close to the dynamic diameter of benzene, the desired product9. Thus, ZSM-5 11,15,16 and MCM-22 11,[17][18][19][20][21] have been thoroughly studied, although other zeolite structures presenting 10-ring channels , such as IM-5 22,23 or TNU-9 24 , have also been recently described for this process. Regarding the reaction mechanism and the active sites involved, it is widely accepted that methane is first activated on the Mo sites and the reaction intermediates formed will further oligomerize, cyclate and dehydrogenate on the Brønsted acid sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Catalyst deactivation is one of the main drawbacks of the MDA process 10,17 . Deactivation is mainly due the formation and deposition of carbonaceous products, largely favored at the high reaction temperatures required for methane activation [25][26][27] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-oxidative dehydroaromatization of methane: an effective reaction–regeneration cyclic operation for catalyst life extension

Portilla

Llopis²,

Martı́nez

2015

Catal. Sci. Technol.

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Non-oxidative methane aromatization is an attractive direct route for producing higher hydrocarbons, highly selective to benzene despite the low conversions due to thermodynamic limitations, and Mo/H-ZSM-5, the first catalyst proposed for this reaction, is still considered as one of the most adequate. The major problem of this process is the severe catalyst deactivation due to the rapid buildup of carbonaceous deposits on the catalysts.Here we present an effective regeneration procedure that extends the life of Mo/zeolite based catalysts by combining reaction periods of 1.5 h with 0.5 h regeneration steps in a continuous cyclic mode and methane activation after each regeneration stage. Benzene productivity obtained with Mo/ZSM-5 is shown to be almost constant for increasing TOS ranges when applying this new cyclic protocol, and threefold values are achieved for an 18 h on stream period by limiting the reaction steps to the first 1.5 h of maximum benzene selectivity (97 vs. 33 g benzene/kg cat·h) as compared to a conventional single run.

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“…The amount of methane discharged into the atmosphere every year is approximately 19 billion m 3 , which is equivalent to 20,000 T of standard coal [12,13], and this increases every year. Methane, as a greenhouse gas, damages the ozone layer and deteriorates the atmospheric environment [14]. A lot of methane is discharged into the atmosphere as a result of mining activity in Poland [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Enrichment of Low-Concentration Ventilation Air Methane in Free Diffusion Conditions

Wen

Wang

et al. 2018

Energies

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Abstract:The massive emission of low concentrations (≤0.5%) of methane (CH 4 ) from ventilation roadways results in resource waste and environmental pollution. To mitigate these emissions, an enrichment tower for low-concentration methane is designed, and segregation and non-segregation experiments are conducted. The results reveal that stable concentrations of methane under segregation and non-segregation states in the enrichment tower gradually increase with height, with a maximum methane concentration of 0.64% and 0.54%, respectively. This shows that the methane enrichment effect in free diffusion conditions is more significant under the segregation state than under the non-segregation state. The stable concentration of methane in the middle and upper sections of the enrichment tower shows an increasing trend. However, the stable concentration of methane in the lower section of the enrichment tower has an increasing trend (less than 0.50%). According to the methane molecule Boltzmann distribution law, methane concentration enrichment decreases with height, and the conversion of the methane from the segregated to non-segregated is irreversible. Consequently, industrial applications of methane enrichment from buoyant forces are not feasible for low concentrations of methane.

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Direct conversion of natural gas to higher hydrocarbons: A review

Cited by 101 publications

References 111 publications

Investigation of the stability of Zn-based HZSM-5 catalysts for methane dehydroaromatization

Investigation of the stability of Zn-based HZSM-5 catalysts for methane dehydroaromatization

Non-oxidative dehydroaromatization of methane: an effective reaction–regeneration cyclic operation for catalyst life extension

Experimental Enrichment of Low-Concentration Ventilation Air Methane in Free Diffusion Conditions

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