Direct conversion of degraded LiCoO2 cathode materials into high-performance LiCoO2: A closed-loop green recycling strategy for spent lithium-ion batteries

Wang, Junxiong; Liang, Zheng; Zhao, Yun; Sheng, Jinzhi; Ma, Jun; Jia, Kai; Li, Baohua; Zhou, Guangmin; Cheng, Hui‐Ming

doi:10.1016/j.ensm.2021.12.013

Cited by 136 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The spent batteries were first soaked in a 0.1 M NaCl solution for 24 h to completely discharge them, followed by manual dismantling and separation into cathodes, anodes and separators. The collected cathodes were cut into small pieces and placed in a 1 M NaOH solution to dissolve the Al foil [ 36 ]. Afterward, the slurry was filtered and dried prior to heating at 500°C in air to remove the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binder [ 37 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct and green repairing of degraded LiCoO2 for reuse in lithium-ion batteries

Wang

Zhang

Sheng

et al. 2022

National Science Review

Self Cite

120

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Traditional recycling processes of LiCoO2 rely on destructive decomposition, requiring high-temperature roasting or acid leaching to extract valuable Li and Co, which have significant environmental and economic concerns. Herein, a direct repairing method for degraded LiCoO2 using a LiCl-CH4N2O deep eutectic solvent (DES) was established. The DES is not used to dissolve LiCoO2 but directly serves as a carrier for the selective replenishment of lithium and cobalt. Replenishment of lithium restores the LiCoO2 at different states of charge to a capacity of 130 mAh/g (at 0.1 C rate), while replenishing the cobalt increases the capacity retention rate to 90% after 100 cycles, which is comparable to pristine LiCoO2. The DES is collected and reused multiple times with a high repair efficiency. This process reduces energy consumption by 37.1% and greenhouse gas emissions by 34.8% compared with the current production process of LiCoO2, demonstrating excellent environmental and economic viability.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct and green repairing of degraded LiCoO2 for reuse in lithium-ion batteries

Wang

Zhang

Sheng

et al. 2022

National Science Review

Self Cite

120

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“…Wang et al added ammonium sulfate during recycling to reduce the decomposition temperature of LCO to below 400 °C, which lowered the energy consumption and enhanced the recycling efficiency. [ 81 ] These novel recycling methods showed appealing results at the research scale, but more technical challenges and economic efficiency should be addressed as applied to the industrial‐scale recycling.…”

Section: Status Of Lib Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Electric Vehicle Batteries for a Sustainable World: Perspectives on Battery Cathodes, Environment, Supply Chain, Manufacturing, Life Cycle, and Policy

Yang

Huang

Lin

2022

Advanced Energy Materials

124

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Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) can reduce carbon emissions by powering electric vehicles (EVs) and promoting renewable energy development with grid‐scale energy storage. However, LIB production and electricity generation still heavily rely on fossil fuels at present, resulting in major environmental concerns. Are LIBs as environmentally friendly and sustainable as expected at the current stage? In the past 5 years, a skyrocketing growth of the EV market has been witnessed. LIBs have garnered huge attention from academia, industry, government, non‐governmental organizations, investors, and the general public. Tremendous volumes of LIBs are already implemented in EVs today, with a continuing, exponential growth expected for the years to come. When LIBs reach their end‐of‐life in the next decades, what technologies can be in place to enable second‐life or recycling of batteries? Herein, life cycle assessment studies are examined to evaluate the environmental impact of LIBs, and EVs are compared with internal combustion engine vehicles regarding environmental sustainability. To provide a holistic view of the LIB development, this Perspective provides insights into materials development, manufacturing, recycling, legislation and policy, and beyond. Last but not least, the future development of LIBs and charging infrastructures in light of emerging technologies are envisioned.

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“…Lithium could be preferentially extracted from the roasted product by carbonated water leaching. Wang et al [ 23 ] demonstrate that the calcination temperature of LiCoO 2 could be decreased to below 400°C with the aid of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 . In the subsequent treatment, only water is used to dissolve the low‐temperature roasting product, which further reduced the recovery cost.…”

Section: Current Status Of Recycling Libsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects for managing end‐of‐life lithium‐ion batteries: Present and future

Wang

Ang

et al. 2022

Interdisciplinary Materials

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The accelerating electrification has sparked an explosion in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) consumption. As the lifespan declines, the substantial LIBs will flow into the recycling market and promise to spawn a giant recycling system. Nonetheless, since the lack of unified guiding standard and nontraceability, the recycling of end-of-life LIBs has fallen into the dilemma of low recycling rate, poor recycling efficiency, and insignificant benefits.Herein, tapping into summarizing and analyzing the current status and challenges of recycling LIBs, this outlook provides insights for the future course of full lifecycle management of LIBs, proposing gradient utilization and recycling-target predesign strategy. Further, we acknowledge some recommendations for recycling waste LIBs and anticipate a collaborative effort to advance sustainable and reliable recycling routes.

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Direct conversion of degraded LiCoO2 cathode materials into high-performance LiCoO2: A closed-loop green recycling strategy for spent lithium-ion batteries

Cited by 136 publications

References 36 publications

Direct and green repairing of degraded LiCoO2 for reuse in lithium-ion batteries

Direct and green repairing of degraded LiCoO2 for reuse in lithium-ion batteries

Sustainable Electric Vehicle Batteries for a Sustainable World: Perspectives on Battery Cathodes, Environment, Supply Chain, Manufacturing, Life Cycle, and Policy

Prospects for managing end‐of‐life lithium‐ion batteries: Present and future

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