Direct comparison of a pulse-driven Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer and a programmable Josephson voltage standard at 1 volt

Abstract

We have performed direct ac comparisons between two types of quantum voltage standards, a pulse-driven Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer and a programmable Josephson voltage standard, at 1 V rms amplitude and a frequency of 100 Hz. The system architectures for these two Josephson technologies are quite different. However, in the range where their capabilities overlap, they should produce identical results. This comparison under various test conditions is a powerful method for verifying ideal performance of the systems, and exploring a number of potential systematic errors in both measurement methods and system operations.

Josephson voltage standards as toolkit for precision metrological applications at PTB

“…A first DC comparison of a JAWS and a PJVS was performed by NIST (Rüfenacht et al 2016(Rüfenacht et al , 2018). Here we report on a similar comparison that was carried out at PTB at the 1 V level.…”

A comparative analysis of AC/DC transfer standards for comparison of national standards

“…It is necessary to have the two voltage sources with uncertainty at the level of 0.1 μV/V in order to determine indicated MC by direct definition. Such a condition was achieved at a frequency of 100 Hz [5] on the basis of Josephson's standards, but today there are still questions about the values which differ from the voltage of 1 V in the growing [12] and decreasing [15] direction. Otherwise, it is necessary to have a calculated AC/DC difference with an uncertainty of about 0.1 μV/V.…”

“…Also, high-pre-cision synthesizers of periodic signals for 1 V voltage have been created, the urgency of which is due to the presence of a huge number of precision meters of the alternating voltage [4]. The results of the comparison of two standards of the alternating voltage unit on the basis of the quantum effect at 1 V voltage at a frequency of 100 Hz, when a level of equivalence of less than 0.1 μV/V was achieved, have been recently published [5].…”