Direct binding of progesterone receptor to nonconsensus DNA sequences represses rat GnRH

Multiple GnRHs present in a teleost species are encoded by separate genes: analysis of the sbGnRH and cGnRH-II genes from the striped bass, Morone saxatilis

“…An estrogen response element (ERE) palindromic motif, present in the first intron of the sbGnRH gene, contains one perfect ERE half-site and a half-site which displays two mismatches when compared with the consensus palindromic ERE (AGGTCAnnnTGACCT). It is worth noting that at least eight ERE half-sites and 16 GRE/ progesterone response element half-sites have been identified in the promoter region matching previously reported sites in other GnRH gene promoters (Klungland et al 1993, Coe et al 1995, Kepa et al 1996. Of particular interest is the identification of a steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) binding site, at 418 to 426, which is identical to a published SF-1 consensus binding element (Rice et al 1990).…”

In silico and in situ characterization of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) gnrh3 (sGnRH) gene

“…Analysis of the Atlantic salmon Pa promoter using AliBaba 2.1, showed correct prediction of both ERE motifs with the default set up and was used for analysis of the Atlantic salmon GnRH-III Pa and downstream (Pb) promoter [29], human GnRH-I upstream [35] and downstream [36], striped bass ( Morone saxatilis ) GnRH-I [37], rat ( Rattus norwegicus ) GnRH-I [38], and African cichlid GnRH-I and GnRH-III promoters [22], using optimized and decreased stringency when necessary. Transcription factors experimentally shown to be involved in the regulation of GnRH expression, or to possess binding affinity to the promoter, include the POU factors Oct-1 and Oct-6 [39,40], ERE [7,8,34,41-43], glucocorticoid receptor (GR) [44], progesterone receptor (PR) [8,45,46], GATA-1 [47,48], cyclic AMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) [49], SF-1 [50] and Otx2 [51]. In silico predicted TF binding sites include Ap-1, ERE, GHF-2, GH-CSE2 and Pit-1 in Pacific salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka ) [52], Ap-1, GR, PR, and Sp1 in African cichlid [22], Ap-1, CREB, ERE, GATA, GR, and Oct-1 in masu salmon ( Oncorhynchus masou ) [53], and members of the POU family, Ap-1, Brn-2, CREB, ERE, GR, Pit-1, and SF-1 in striped bass [37].…”

Differential Regulation of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)I and GnRHII Messenger Ribonucleic Acid by Gonadal Steroids in Human Granulosa Luteal Cells

“…The exact regulatory mechanism of the P4-induced regulation of GnRHII in hGLCs is not known. However, in the GT1-7 neuronal cells transfected with PR, P4 was shown to inhibit GnRHI transcription via direct PR binding on nonconsensus DNA sequences in the proximal GnRH promoter (58). The differences between the P4-induced regulation of GnRHI in hGLCs and in rat GT1-7 cells may be attributed to tissue-specific regulatory mechanisms or species differences.…”