Direct and Second Hand Cigarette Smoke Exposure and Development of Childhood Asthma

Gopal, Srirupa Hari; Mukherjee, Sanjoy; Das, Salil K.

doi:10.15436/2378-6841.16.1122

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…In addition to active smoking, passive smoking (second hand smoke exposure) has been shown to have a high prevalence in low-and middleincome countries (Elf et al, 2018). Long-term direct and indirect CS-exposure (ETS, second hand smoking) causes a wide range of damaging health effects, including increased lung inflammation, protease activity, oxidant stress, and apoptosis (Gopal et al, 2016). To the best of our knowledge, there is no literature available examining the effect of maternal smoking on susceptibility to lung injury during pregnancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Maternal Smoking on Pregnancy and Offspring: Possible Role for EGF?

Janbazacyabar

Daal

Leusink-Muis

et al. 2021

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Cigarette smoke exposure during pregnancy and lactation is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Here, we investigated the effects of maternal smoke exposure on pregnancy and offspring immunity and explored whether, epidermal growth factor (EGF), an important growth-promoting factor in human colostrum and milk, might be a possible missing link in maternal smoke exposure and changes in infants’ immune responses. Pregnant BALB/c mice were exposed to either cigarette smoke or air during gestation and lactation, and effects on pulmonary inflammation in dams and immune responses in offspring were examined. Maternal smoke exposure increased airway hyperresponsiveness and accumulation of inflammatory cells in the lungs of pregnant dams compared to non-pregnant dams. The E-cadherin protein expression was reduced in mammary glands of cigarette smoke-exposed pregnant dams. EGF levels were higher in mammary glands and serum of smoke-exposed pregnant dams compared to air-exposed pregnant dams. Offspring from cigarette smoke-exposed dams exhibited elevated levels of IL-17A, MCP-1, IL-22, and IL-13 in anti-CD3 stimulated spleen cell culture supernatants. EGF levels were also increased in serum of offspring from smoke-exposed dams. A positive correlation was observed between serum EGF levels and neutrophil numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the dams. Interestingly, IL-17A, MCP-1, IL-22, IL13, and IFN-γ levels in anti-CD3 stimulated spleen cell culture supernatants of male pups also showed a positive correlation with EGF serum levels. In summary, our results reveal that maternal smoke exposure predisposes dams to exacerbated airway inflammation and offspring to exacerbated immune responses and both phenomena are associated with elevated EGF concentrations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Maternal Smoking on Pregnancy and Offspring: Possible Role for EGF?

Janbazacyabar

Daal

Leusink-Muis

et al. 2021

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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“…Thus, the results of childhood wheezing and asthma deteriorative effects of lower educational attainment of mothers and fathers, and the protective effect of higher educational attainment in crude analysis in this study are consistent with previous reports. Because early intervention in high-risk groups may reduce asthma development [21], health education for parents risk reduction such as smoking cessation, prevention of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke [22,23], should be performed from pregnancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental educational level and childhood wheezing and asthma: A prospective cohort study from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study

et al. 2021

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Background The influence of mothers’ and fathers’ educational levels in separate evaluations of asthma has not been fully investigated. This study aims to examine the associations of the mother’s and fathers’ educational levels with childhood wheeze and asthma adjusting for crude and pre-and post-natal modifiable risk factors. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study using data from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study, which recruited pregnant women from 2011 to 2014. The mother’s and father’s educational levels were surveyed by a questionnaire during the pregnancy, and childhood wheezing and doctor-diagnosed asthma were estimated using a 3-year questionnaire. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between the mother’s and father’s educational levels and childhood wheezing and asthma, adjusted for pre-and post-natal factors. Results A total of 69,607 pairs of parents and their single infants were analyzed. We found 17.3% of children had wheezing and 7.7% had asthma. In crude analyses, lower educational level of parents was associated with an increased risk of childhood wheezing and asthma. After full adjustment, a lower educational level of mothers was associated with an increased risk of childhood asthma (junior high school (reference: high school); odds ratio (OR): 1.17, 95% CI, 1.01–1.36), and higher educational level, especially the mother’s, was associated with an increased risk of childhood wheezing (technical junior college, technical/vocational college, or associate degree (ECD3); OR: 1.12, 95% CI, 1.06–1.18, bachelor’s degree, or postgraduate degree; OR: 1.10, 95% CI, 1.03–1.18), and asthma (ECD3; OR: 1.13, 95% CI, 1.04–1.21). Conclusions Parents’ lower educational level was a crude risk factor for childhood wheezing and asthma. However, an increased risk of wheezing due to mothers’ higher educational level was found after adjusting for pre-and post-natal factors.

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“…The pathophysiologic mechanism for the moderating effect of prematurity and low birth weight on the relationship between smoking and asthma is still speculated. However, it is known that smoking impacts the respiratory epithelium through inhibition of the normal proliferation of fibroblasts, which are essential for lung repair and maintenance [19]. Smoking can also lead to airway hyperactivity, which heralds the development of asthma [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Asthma and Smoking: Moderating Effect of Preterm Status and Birth Weight

Ogbu¹,

Ogbu²,

Khadka³

et al. 2021

Cureus

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IntroductionAlthough studies have examined the association between childhood asthma and parental smoking and secondhand smoke, little research has explored the moderating role of birth weight and prematurity (BWP) status on this association. We examined the association between secondhand smoke exposure, asthma, and asthma severity in children aged six to 17 as well as the modifying effect of BWP on parental smoking and asthma. MethodsWe used data from 36,954 children from the National Survey of Children's Health 2017-2018. In addition to univariate analysis, adjusted and unadjusted logistic regression models were used to estimate the effect of secondhand smoke on asthma. The interaction term between parental smoking and BWP was tested. Multinomial regression was used to evaluate the association between secondhand smoke on asthma severity. ResultsAbout 15.1 % of children had asthma and 15.4% of parents reported smoking. Odds of asthma were higher in children living with an outdoor (AOR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.06-1.52) and indoor (AOR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.01-2.11) smoker in the adjusted model. The association of parental smoking with asthma differed by birth weight and premature status. Normal weight children who are premature had the highest odds ratio (AOR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.2-3.86). In the multinomial model, low birth weight and premature children had higher odds of mild (AOR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.40-2.56) and moderate/severe (AOR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.16-2.84) asthma compared to the no asthma group. ConclusionThe Association of parental smoking on asthma was modified by BWP. Focused asthma interventions in children should inquire about BWP status as well as parental smoking and household smoke exposure to reduce asthma morbidity and mortality.

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Direct and Second Hand Cigarette Smoke Exposure and Development of Childhood Asthma

Cited by 9 publications

References 51 publications

The Effects of Maternal Smoking on Pregnancy and Offspring: Possible Role for EGF?

The Effects of Maternal Smoking on Pregnancy and Offspring: Possible Role for EGF?

Parental educational level and childhood wheezing and asthma: A prospective cohort study from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study

Childhood Asthma and Smoking: Moderating Effect of Preterm Status and Birth Weight

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