Direct and indirect effects of alien insect herbivores on ecological processes and interactions in forests of eastern North America

Gandhi, Kamal J. K.; Herms, Daniel A.

doi:10.1007/s10530-009-9627-9

Cited by 367 publications

(290 citation statements)

References 140 publications

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“…In addition, some instances of resisted attacks on whitebark pine have been reported (14). These results provide a mechanistic link between two major environmental threats, transport of invasive species and climatedriven range expansions, in that lack of coevolved defense is an important driver of each (41,42,51). Mountain pine beetle has also expanded its northern range, where it is attacking lodgepole pines in historically unexposed areas, and has spread eastward to breach the geophysical barrier of the Rocky Mountains to attack hybrid lodgepole-jack pine, Pinus banksiana, in Alberta, Canada (7,56).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Temperature-driven range expansion of an irruptive insect heightened by weakly coevolved plant defenses

Raffa¹,

Powell²,

Townsend

2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

185

202

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Warming climate has increased access of native bark beetles to high-elevation pines that historically received only intermittent exposure to these tree-killing herbivores. Here we show that a dominant, relatively naïve, high-elevation species, whitebark pine, has inferior defenses against mountain pine beetle compared with its historical lower-elevation host, lodgepole pine. Lodgepole pines respond by exuding more resin and accumulating higher concentrations of toxic monoterpenes than whitebark pine, where they co-occur. Furthermore, the chemical composition of whitebark pine appears less able to inhibit the pheromonal communication beetles use to jointly overcome tree defenses. Despite whitebark pine's inferior defenses, beetles were more likely to attack their historical host in mixed stands. This finding suggests there has been insufficient sustained contact for beetles to alter their complex behavioral mechanisms driving host preference. In no-choice assays, however, beetles readily entered and tunneled in both hosts equally, and in stands containing less lodgepole pine, attacks on whitebark pines increased. High-elevation trees in pure stands may thus be particularly vulnerable to temperature-driven range expansions. Predators and competitors were more attracted to volatiles from herbivores attacking their historical host, further increasing risk in less coevolved systems. Our results suggest cold temperatures provided a sufficient barrier against herbivores for high-elevation trees to allocate resources to other physiological processes besides defense. Changing climate may reduce the viability of that evolutionary strategy, and the life histories of high-elevation trees seem unlikely to foster rapid counter adaptation. Consequences extend from reduced food supplies for endangered grizzly bears to altered landscape and hydrological processes.climate change | coevolution | disturbance | plant-insect interactions | forest insects

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Temperature-driven range expansion of an irruptive insect heightened by weakly coevolved plant defenses

Raffa¹,

Powell²,

Townsend

2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

185

202

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“…For example, a herbivore is more likely to successfully adopt new hosts whose chemical defences resemble those deployed by its coevolved hosts [13 -15]. Reciprocally, plants that are evolutionarily naive to the threat posed by specific herbivores are less likely to have defences against them, creating 'defence-free space' favouring the herbivore and invasion success [9,16]. In other words, the degree of relatedness between past and new interaction partners is expected to influence the success of an invader and its impact on the new environment [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oviposition strategy as a means of local adaptation to plant defence in native and invasive populations of the viburnum leaf beetle

Desurmont

Hérard²,

Agrawal

2011

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Herbivores have been hypothesized to adapt locally to variation in plant defences and such adaptation could facilitate novel associations in the context of biological invasions. Here, we show that in the native range of the viburnum leaf beetle (VLB, Pyrrhalta viburni ), two populations of geographically isolated hostsViburnum opulus and Viburnum tinus-have divergent defences against VLB oviposition: negative versus positive density-dependent egg-crushing wound responses, respectively. Populations of beetles coexisting with each host show an adaptive behavioural response: aggregative versus non-aggregative oviposition on V. opulus and V. tinus, respectively. In parallel, we show that in North America, where VLB is invasive, defences of three novel hosts are negatively density-dependent, and beetles' oviposition behaviour is aggregative. Thus, local adaptation to plant defences has the potential to facilitate the invasion of herbivores onto novel hosts.

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“…Tree mortality caused by invasive insect species such as gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.), hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand), beech scale (Cryptococcus fagisuga Lind. ), and emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) can produce more spatially extensive patterns of gap formation in forests [9,18,84].…”

Section: Invasive Insectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of Ground-Dwelling Invertebrates to Gap Formation and Accumulation of Woody Debris from Invasive Species, Wind, and Salvage Logging

Perry¹,

Herms²

2017

Forests

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Natural and anthropogenic disturbances alter canopy structure, understory vegetation, amount of woody debris, and the litter and soil layers in forest ecosystems. These environmental changes impact forest communities, including ground-dwelling invertebrates that are key regulators of ecosystem processes. Variation in frequency, intensity, duration, and spatial scale of disturbances affect the magnitude of these environmental changes and how forest communities and ecosystems are impacted over time. We propose conceptual models that describe the dynamic temporal effects of disturbance caused by invasive insects, wind, and salvage logging on canopy gap formation and accumulation of coarse woody debris (CWD), and their impacts on ground-dwelling invertebrate communities. In the context of this framework, predictions are generated and their implications for ground-dwelling invertebrate communities are discussed.

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Direct and indirect effects of alien insect herbivores on ecological processes and interactions in forests of eastern North America

Abstract: Alien invasive insects such

Cited by 367 publications

References 140 publications

Temperature-driven range expansion of an irruptive insect heightened by weakly coevolved plant defenses

Temperature-driven range expansion of an irruptive insect heightened by weakly coevolved plant defenses

Oviposition strategy as a means of local adaptation to plant defence in native and invasive populations of the viburnum leaf beetle

Responses of Ground-Dwelling Invertebrates to Gap Formation and Accumulation of Woody Debris from Invasive Species, Wind, and Salvage Logging

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