Direct and indirect effects of n-species competition

Lawlor, Lawrence R.

doi:10.1007/bf00344961

Cited by 102 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Neil1 (1984) showed that D. rosea can depress rotifer abundance through competition for phytoplankton in an oligotrophic lake. The outcome of interactions between two species may depend on the background community and the particular resource base present (Neil1 1975;Levine 1976;Lynch 1978;Lawlor 1979). Significant effects on Larimore Pond rotifers may not have been detected because the rotifers were rare during the period when D. pulex was abundant: the detection of such differences is easier when populations are large.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While useful in assessing interactions among particular species, small-scale experiments do not address the potential effects of a large species invading an entire community of small species, as would be the case if, for example, planktivorous fish were reduced in abun-Vanni dance in a lake. Since the outcome of competition between two species may depend on the presence of other "background" species (Neil1 1975;Lawlor 1979), the impact of a large species on particular small species may be different when an entire community is present than when only a few species are present. In large enclosures containing intact communities, large Daphnia spp.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Competition in zooplankton communities: Suppression of small species by Daphnia pulex1

Vanni

1986

Limnology & Oceanography

161

102

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The hypothesis that a large zooplankton herbivore, Daphnia pulex, can competitively reduce the abundance of resident zooplankton when colonizing a community of small species was tested in two lakes. When introduced to enclosures in eutrophic Larimore Pond, D. pulex decreased phytoplankton abundance by an order of magnitude, resulting in drastically reduced densities of Tropocyclops prasinus and Mesocyclops edax, the two dominant crustaceans in the pond. Daphnia pulex was also added to enclosures in oligo-mesotrophic Dynamite Lake, along with nutrients, in a factorial design. Three Dynamite Lake zooplankters were reduced in density by D. pulex under both enriched and unenriched conditions: Bosmina Zongirostris, Trichocercu multicrinis, and copepod nauplii. Nutrient additions allowed these taxa to overcome some effects of competition with D. pulex. Daphnia pulex reduced the densities of copepods and rotifers common to both lakes more in eutrophic Larimore Pond than in unenriched Dynamite Lake enclosures.These results show that a large herbivore can reduce the density of some small zooplankton species and therefore contribute to the scarcity of small species in lakes dominated by large herbivores. Furthermore, the results suggest that the competitive effects of a large herbivore on rotifers and copepods may bc more pronounced in eutrophic systems because the large species can attain a higher population density, and subsequently alter the resource base to a greater extent, in eutrophic systems.Freshwater zooplankton communities typically are dominated by either large-or small-bodied species. Lakes containing abundant planktivorous fish contain mostly small species, the result of the elimination of large species by size-selective fish predation (e.g. Hrbacek 1962; Brooks and Dodson 1965;Lynch 1979). Fishless lakes are typically inhabited by large species, sometimes to the exclusion of small species (e.g. Brooks and Dodson 1965;Zaret 1980). Two hypotheses have been proposed to account for the scarcity (or absence) of small species in fishless lakes. One is that large herbivorous zooplankton, by monopolizing the food resources (mainly phytoplankton), competitively reduce the abundance of, or exclude, small species (the size-efficiency hypothesis by Brooks and Dodson 1965). An alternative hypothesis is that predation pressure, e.g.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Competition in zooplankton communities: Suppression of small species by Daphnia pulex1

Vanni

1986

Limnology & Oceanography

161

102

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“…Since lower resource levels inhibit successful invasion, it remains that diverse communities should be more resistant (Tilman 1999). While interesting, this perspective is largely considered from a negative interaction perspective, and others (e.g., Lawlor 1979;Levine and Antonio 1999) have pointed out that species interactions that include facilitative effects can alter this result in such a way that increased diversity can actually decrease invasion resistance.…”

Section: Invasion and Ecological Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasions of Host-Associated Microbiome Networks

Murall

Abbate

Touzel

et al. 2017

Networks of Invasion: Empirical Evidence and Case Studies

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International audienceThe study of biological invasions of ecological systems has much to offer research on within–host (WH) systems, particularly for understanding infections and developing therapies using biological agents. Thanks to the ground-work established in other fields, such as community ecology and evolutionary biology, and to modern methods of measurement and quantification, the study of microbiomes has quickly become a field at the forefront of modern systems biology. Investigations of host-associated microbiomes (e.g. for studying human health) are often centred on measuring and explaining the structure, functions and stability of these communities. This momentum promises to rapidly advance our understanding of ecological networks and their stability, resilience and resistance to invasions. However, intrinsic properties of host-associated microbiomes that differ from those of free-living systems present challenges to the development of a WH invasion ecology framework. The elucidation of principles underlying the invasibility of WH networks will ultimately help in the development of medical applications and help shape our understanding of human health and disease

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“…Recently, much attention has been given to indirect effects in ecosystem processes [for instance, see Lawlor (1979), Strauss (1991), Billick and Case (1994), Menge (1995), Abrams and others (1996), and Rosemond (1996)]. For example, Menge (1995) identified 83 subtypes of indirect effects in a rocky intertidal community and found that they accounted for about 40% of the change in community structure.…”

Section: Indirect Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Foundations of Network Environ Analysis

1999

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This article introduces and summarizes the foundations of network environ analysis and describes four primary properties resulting from this research. These properties-dominance of indirect effects (Higashi and Patten 1986), network amplification (Patten and others 1990), network homogenization (Patten and others 1990), and network synergism (Patten 1991)-provide insight into the behavior of holistic network interactions. In short, amplification, homogenization, and indirect effects demonstrate the influence of the indirect flows in a system to show that energy or matter cycling allows flow to return to the same component many times and tend to become evenly distributed within the network. Synergism relates direct and indirect, qualitative relations to show that network organization is, on the whole, more mutualistic than is apparent from direct interactions alone. Using network analysis, objects can be studied as part of a connected system and the indirect effects can be identified and quantified. This is a fundamentally different way of investigating ecosystems, and it gives a quantitative foundation to the widely held perception of the interconnectedness of nature.

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Direct and indirect effects of n-species competition

Cited by 102 publications

References 16 publications

Competition in zooplankton communities: Suppression of small species by Daphnia pulex1

Competition in zooplankton communities: Suppression of small species by Daphnia pulex1

Invasions of Host-Associated Microbiome Networks

Review of the Foundations of Network Environ Analysis

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