Direct and displaced aggression after exclusion: role of gender differences

Rajchert, Joanna; Konopka, Karolina; Oręziak, Hubert; Dziechciarska, Weronika

doi:10.1080/00224545.2022.2042173

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Furthermore, of particular interest is the relation between irritability and aggression toward nice peers, as nice peers provide no rejecting feedback and are 'innocent bystanders'. Despite the frequency of aggression against innocent bystanders in the real world (Leary, Kowalski, Smith, & Phillips, 2003) and laboratory (Marcus-Newhall, Pedersen, Carlson, & Miller, 2000;Rajchert, Konopka, Ore z ziak, & Dziechciarska, 2022), very little is known about the mechanisms that promote this behavior. Future studies should test if mechanisms that support irritability also underlie the propensity to aggress against innocent bystanders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Irritability and rejection‐elicited aggression in adolescents and young adults

Quarmley

Vafiadis

Jarcho

2023

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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Background Violence exacts staggering personal and financial costs – a burden disproportionally born by adolescents and young adults. This may be partially due to an increased sensitivity to social rejection during this critical phase of development. Irritability, a transdiagnostic symptom, is often elicited by social interactions. Yet, little is known about age differences in social rejection‐elicited aggression and irritability. Progress toward testing such relations has been hindered by a lack of ecologically‐valid tasks that enable the measurement of in‐the‐moment social rejection‐elicited aggression. Methods In this paper, we describe an initial study of young adults (n = 55) that demonstrates the efficacy of a novel Virtual School and Aggression Paradigm (VS‐AP). Next, we replicate these results in a second study of adolescents and young adults (ages 11–25 years; n = 173) and examine relations between social rejection‐elicited aggression, irritability, and age. Results We found that aggressive behavior in the VS‐AP differed for accepting, rejecting, and unpredictable peer types (Study 1: F(2, 108) = 20.57, p < .001, ε2 = .28; Study 2: F(2, 344) = 152.13, p < .001, ε2 = .47), demonstrating that the VS‐AP successfully models social rejection‐elicited aggression. In Study 2, age was negatively correlated with aggressive behavior (r = −.29, p < .001) and irritability (r = −.28, p < .001), while irritability was positively correlated with aggressive behavior (r = .28, p < .001). Age moderated the relation between social rejection‐elicited aggression and irritability. Specifically, irritability was more predictive of aggression in young adults than in adolescents (F(3, 167) = 7.07, p < .001). Conclusions Data suggest mechanisms promoting rejection‐elicited aggression may differ across development and vary for those with and without high levels of irritability. The VS‐AP is a promising tool for probing neurocognitive, developmental, and clinically relevant mechanisms underlying social rejection‐elicited aggression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Irritability and rejection‐elicited aggression in adolescents and young adults

Quarmley

Vafiadis

Jarcho

2023

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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“…However, such measure does not eliminate and sometimes even generate additional negative affect by immoral feelings, loss of capital, and unsatisfied need to belong. Third, while most studies on social comparison theory investigate downward social comparison (Haldorai et al, 2022;Malamut et al, 2022;Rajchert et al, 2022), this study compensates well by studying upward social comparison. We propose that social rejection is one way people prevent themselves from self-depletion while seeing others' goodness in the upward social comparison.…”

Section: Theoretical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…A downward social rejection leads to destructive consequences for the recipient because it denies accessibility to a group and produces the feeling of loneliness. This denial could further trigger the recipient's pro-social behavior (Haldorai et al, 2022) or aggression (Malamut et al, 2022;Rajchert et al, 2022). Social rejection may violate justice and moral stance, as rejection is seen as deviance from social norms (Poulsen and Kashy, 2012).…”

Section: Envy and Social Rejectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wang and Li 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.885384 (Haldorai et al, 2022). It is well-known that painful consequences such as aggression (Malamut et al, 2022;Rajchert et al, 2022), depression (Kwon and Jung, 2021;Wang et al, 2021), and decreased well-being (Chung et al, 2021;Jiang and Poon, 2021) are found among recipients, depicting the harmful nature of social rejection to the targets. Since human beings, as social animals, are inclined to avoid hurting others, why social rejection still prevails remains ambiguous (Legate et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More specifically, status threat-related social rejection may also vary with gender, a specific status characteristic; there is evidence that gender differences exist in the emotional responses of individuals to social rejection (Freedman et al, 2019;Rajchert et al, 2022). Hence, we set gender as a moderator to study gender differences in social rejection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hurting all the way: The emotional antecedent and consequence of social rejection

Wang

Li²

2022

Front. Psychol.

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Social rejection is cold and hurtful, but how and why it is formed remains under-investigated. Our study offers one possible explanation from the rejector’s perspective by developing a moderated mediation model on the emotional antecedent and consequence of social rejection. Specifically, envious individuals use social rejection to complement their inferiority, further triggering their negative affect. Drawing on social comparison theory, we conducted an experience sampling methodology (ESM) investigation of 55 frontline workers through a 10-workday-survey (Level 1 n = 515). As predicted, daily envy is positively associated with daily social rejection. Daily social rejection is positively related to daily negative affect. Furthermore, daily social rejection mediates the relationship between daily envy and daily negative affect. These effects are more robust for females than males, including the impact of envy on social rejection and the impact of envy on negative affect via social rejection. We suggest the recipient and the rejector make psychological and behavioral adjustments accordingly. We also recommend that future research extend our current study methodologically and theoretically.

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The mediating role of hostile attribution bias in social exclusion affecting aggressive behavior

Quan,

Zhou,

Gou

et al. 2024

Aggressive Behavior

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Aggression is one of the public social issues affecting campus harmony and stability, and social exclusion is an important interpersonal contextual factor among many factors affecting aggression. However, studies examining the influence of social exclusion on aggression and its mediating mechanism are not systematic enough. Based on the general aggression model (GAM), we intend to explore the role of hostile attribution bias (HAB) in both trait and state levels of social exclusion, which leads to aggression through a combination of questionnaire and experimental methods. Study 1 surveyed 388 current high school students (Mage = 16.09, SD = 1.01) and found that HAB mediates the relationship between long‐term social exclusion (trait level) and aggression tendency. Study 2 experimented with 181 high school students (Mage = 16.95, SD = 1.13) to examine whether short‐term social exclusion (state level) after initiating the Cyberball paradigm could still influence aggressive behavior through the mediating role of HAB. Results found that the mediating role of HAB still holds. The findings of the study further enrich the GAM and have important implications for a more targeted approach to aggression prevention and intervention.

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Direct and displaced aggression after exclusion: role of gender differences

Cited by 13 publications

References 57 publications

Irritability and rejection‐elicited aggression in adolescents and young adults

Irritability and rejection‐elicited aggression in adolescents and young adults

Hurting all the way: The emotional antecedent and consequence of social rejection

The mediating role of hostile attribution bias in social exclusion affecting aggressive behavior

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