Direct Analysis of Samples of Various Origin and Composition Using Specific Types of Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

One of the major sources of error that occur during chemical analysis utilizing the more conventional and established analytical techniques is the possibility of losing part of the analytes during the sample preparation stage. Unfortunately, this sample preparation stage is required to improve analytical sensitivity and precision. Direct techniques have helped to shorten or even bypass the sample preparation stage; and in this review, we comment of some of the new direct techniques that are mass-spectrometry based. The study presents information about the measurement techniques using mass spectrometry, which allow direct sample analysis, without sample preparation or limiting some pre-concentration steps. MALDI - MS, PTR - MS, SIFT - MS, DESI - MS techniques are discussed. These solutions have numerous applications in different fields of human activity due to their interesting properties. The advantages and disadvantages of these techniques are presented. The trends in development of direct analysis using the aforementioned techniques are also presented.

Volatile compounds profiling by using proton transfer reaction‐time of flight‐mass spectrometry (PTR‐ToF‐MS). The case study of dark chocolates organoleptic differences

“…39,40 Ambient mass spectrometry techniques and their applications were reviewed. [40][41][42] Two other online CIMS techniques useful for VOC fingerprinting are worth to be briefly cited: ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) with or without a further MS identification step, and ion-molecule reaction MS (IMR-MS). Thus, volatile metabolites of goat cheeses were determined by IMS that allowed discriminating cheeses elaborated with pasteurized milk and industrial processing from samples from pasteurized milk and traditional processing, and from samples from raw milk and traditional processing using a simple principal component analysis (PCA) of the data.…”

“…Extractive electrospray ionization and secondary electrospray ionization have demonstrated some potentialities . Ambient mass spectrometry techniques and their applications were reviewed . Two other on‐line CIMS techniques useful for VOC fingerprinting are worth to be briefly cited: ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) with or without a further MS identification step, and ion‐molecule reaction MS (IMR‐MS).…”

Monitoring the BTEX Volatiles during 3D Printing with Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) Using Electronic Nose and Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry

“…This technique is well-suited to the task at hand, since owing to the nature of the ionization mechanism the 3D printing fumes can be analyzed directly, without the use of carrier gas. The omission of the sample preparation stage reduces the risk of errors, and, perhaps most importantly, the mixing ratio of a wide range of chemical compounds can be simultaneously calculated based on the known reaction rate constants to enable time-resolved concentration monitoring [ 25 ].…”

Monitoring of odors emitted from stabilized dewatered sludge subjected to aging using proton transfer reaction–mass spectrometry

“…Typically in gas chromatography methods, a pre-concentration process is achieved by adsorbing volatile compounds from gaseous samples onto a suitable adsorbents. This pre-concentration step and desorption of analytes into the chromatographic column are time-consuming, which significantly elongates procedure (Byliński et al 2017a ; Woźniak et al 2018 ). Although gas chromatography is the reference method for the analysis of VOCs in air samples, there is also growing need to develop new methods allowing direct, rapid, not time-consuming, non-invasive, and very sensitive monitoring of volatile compounds present in gaseous samples.…”