Dipstick proteinuria and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a nationwide population-based cohort study

Jeon, Jimin; Kim, Jinkwon

doi:10.1186/s12967-021-02934-y

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…Secondary level facilities reported a fair average readiness in basic equipment (90%) while primary facilities (70%) lagged slightly behind as indicated by the study findings. This represents an increase of readiness of diabetes specific tracer equipment compared to findings reported by the Kenya Harmonized Facility Assessment (KHFFA) 2018/2019 study that reported a 63 percent readiness [ 36 ]. Notable gaps were however reported that require intervention especially in regards to blood glucometer machine and strip at primary level facilities (45%) and weighing scale digital at secondary level (82%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Diabetes health care specific services readiness and availability in Kenya: Implications for Universal Health Coverage

Onteri,

Kariuki,

Mathu

et al. 2023

PLOS Glob Public Health

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Diabetes is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide yet preventable. Complications of undetected and untreated diabetes result in serious human suffering and disability. It negatively impacts on individual’s social economic status threatening economic prosperity. There is a scarcity of data on health system diabetes service readiness and availability in Kenya which necessitated an investigation into the specific availability and readiness of diabetes services. A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out using the Kenya service availability and readiness mapping tool in 598 randomly selected public health facilities in 12 purposively selected counties. Ethical standards outlined in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments were upheld throughout the study. Health facilities were classified into primary and secondary level facilities prior to statistical analysis using IBM SPSS version 25. Exploratory data analysis techniques were employed to uncover the distribution structure of continuous study variables. For categorical variables, descriptive statistics in terms of proportions, frequency distributions and percentages were used. Of the 598 facilities visited, 83.3% were classified as primary while 16.6% as secondary. A variation in specific diabetes service availability and readiness was depicted in the 12 counties and between primary and secondary level facilities. Human resource for health reported a low mean availability (46%; 95% CI 44%-48%) with any NCDs specialist and nutritionist the least carder available. Basic equipment and diagnostic capacity reported a fairly high mean readiness (73%; 95% CI 71%-75%) and (64%; 95%CI 60%-68%) respectively. Generally, primary health facilities had low diabetic specific service availability and readiness compared to secondary facilities: capacity to cope with diabetes increased as the level of care ascended to higher levels. Significant gaps were identified in overall availability and readiness in both primary and secondary levels facilities particularly in terms of human resource for health specifically nutrition and laboratory profession.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Diabetes health care specific services readiness and availability in Kenya: Implications for Universal Health Coverage

Onteri,

Kariuki,

Mathu

et al. 2023

PLOS Glob Public Health

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“…Another study revealed that the risk of Type 2 diabetes mellitus increased with the severity of proteinuria. [ 13 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteinuria and its associated factors in patients attending family medicine clinics in Dammam, Saudi Arabia

AlSinan

Alsaigh

Al-Dawood

et al. 2022

Journal of Family and Community Medicine

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BACKGROUND: Urinalysis is a simple, valuable, and low-cost tool for the detection of proteinuria, a significant risk factor for renal and cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of proteinuria and its associated risk factors in patients attending Family Medicine Clinics in Dammam, Saudi Arabia, as no study of that nature had previously been conducted. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this register-based cross-sectional study, data including urinary protein and other urinalysis components ordered between January 2018 and January 2020 were collected from electronic medical records. In addition, data regarding nationality, gender, age, blood pressure, body mass index, serum human chorionic gonadotropin, fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), 25-hydroxy Vitamin D level, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid, creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and lipid profile was also obtained. Proteinuria was classified as negative if no or trace protein was present, and positive if protein was ≥1+, and was considered overt proteinuria. RESULTS: In total, results of 2942 urinalysis tests were included. The mean age of the patients was 42.4 ± 14.5 years; majority of the patients were females (62.3%) and were Saudis (68.8%). The rate of proteinuria was 4.2%. Saudi nationality, female gender, age ≥ 40 years, high systolic blood pressure, high diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose ≥126, HbA1c ≥6.5%, BUN >20 mg/dl, creatinine >1.3 mg/dl, low eGFR <60, and high low-density lipoproteins cholesterol were significantly associated with proteinuria based on bivariate analysis. Using a logistic regression model, a statistically significant association was observed between proteinuria and advancing age, the presence of urinary casts, elevated serum creatinine level, and Saudi nationality. CONCLUSION: The only variables that were independently associated with proteinuria using the logistic regression were the presence of casts in the urine, Saudi nationality, high creatinine level, and older age. These variables should be borne in mind by treating physicians.

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The risk of Parkinson's disease according to diabetic kidney disease status in a Korean population

Lee

Yoo

Choi

et al. 2022

Parkinsonism & Related Disorders

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Dipstick proteinuria and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a nationwide population-based cohort study

Cited by 3 publications

References 51 publications

Diabetes health care specific services readiness and availability in Kenya: Implications for Universal Health Coverage

Diabetes health care specific services readiness and availability in Kenya: Implications for Universal Health Coverage

Proteinuria and its associated factors in patients attending family medicine clinics in Dammam, Saudi Arabia

The risk of Parkinson's disease according to diabetic kidney disease status in a Korean population

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