Diplotriaena obtusa (Nematoda: Diplotriaenidae) from Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica) and Cliff Swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) Collected During Mortality Events in the Upper Midwest, USA

Abstract

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The presence of air sac nematodes in passerines and near-passerines in southern Germany

“…Severe acute infection can lead to death, but also moderate disease can be accompanied by secondary infections such as Salmonella and avian influenza ( Van Wettere et al, 2018 ). As symptoms are often not apparent, most of these infections are discovered incidentally in the wild when birds are examined for other purposes ( Michalski et al, 2021 ), and systematic surveying of wild bird populations for new infections is rarely conducted.…”

“…More recently, there have been efforts to create a database for the molecular sequences of these genera. For example, to corroborate the morphological characteristics of these species ( Michalski et al, 2021 ; Stanicka et al, 2021 ), Diplotriaena obtusa has been sequenced in the blackcap S. atricapilla (in Europe), barn swallow Hirundo rustica , and cliff swallow Petrochelidon pyrrhonota (in the U.S.A.). However, these efforts remain relatively minor relative to the potential scale of movements of parasites across landscapes.…”