Diplomacy in the Perspective of Boundaries

Shrestha, Buddhi Narayan

doi:10.3126/jofa.v1i1.36248

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Frequent visits also bring trust, confidence, and cement the exemplary relationships further. Shrestha (2021) has mentioned that diplomacy is an instrument for negotiation of a common challenge to find mutually acceptable solution in a non-confrontational and polite manner. Diplomatic approaches to demarcate, manage, and resolve the border and territorial disputes is the strategy of 'border diplomacy.'…”

Section: Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Important Factors Applicable in Bilateral Relationships and Conflict Resolution

Rayamajhi

2023

J. APF Command & Staff Coll.

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Important factors applicable in bilateral relationships and conflict resolution are strategies, models, theories, and policies. In simple term, strategy is a long-term plan intended to achieve. An example to follow or imitate is a model. An idea to justify a course of action is a theory whereas law, regulation, and procedure used is a policy. Strategy embodies interest based priorities, which has short, medium, and long-term implications for a country. Model gives template that guides in constructing a system. Theory is essential tool for state craft. Guidance, constancy, accountability, efficiency, and clarity on how an organization operates are provided by policies. The objective of the paper is to examine important factors applicable in bilateral relationships and conflict resolution and highlight important relevant factors. To prepare the paper, qualitative methodology, explanatory research design, descriptive and analytical study design, and secondary sources of related textual and virtual documents are used. .After discussion, relevant strategies of ‘progressive nationalism, frequent dialogues and visits at high level, border diplomacy, pushing into regular constructive dialogues, playing diplomatic roles by a third country, and using International Boundary Research Unit (IBRU);’ models of ‘geo-economic and territorial project model of cross-border integration, bilateral trade flows, and partial settlement in resolving disputes;’ theories of ‘FDI inflow and bilateral political relationships, problem workshops, creation of international regime, and international organizations (IOs) brokered bargaining;’ and policies of ‘bilateral relationships, defense diplomacy, bilateral economic relations, bilateral diplomacy, nonalignment with equal friendships for all and diversification, an equal and respectful but not reciprocal relationships, leaders’ visits and diplomatic conflicts, third party intermediaries, enduring rivalries, pursuit of legal settlement, compromise or escalation or maintenance of status quo or swapping of territory, and uti possidentis or ground realities are highlighted to be adopted by the governments.

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Section: Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Important Factors Applicable in Bilateral Relationships and Conflict Resolution

Rayamajhi

2023

J. APF Command & Staff Coll.

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“…In the same way, Buddhi Narayan Shrestha, in his article, "Diplomacy in the Perspective of Boundaries" has emphasized border demarcation diplomacy to resolve the border dispute between Nepal and India. While suggesting ways for border management diplomacy, he recommends meticulous negotiations and identifies possible strategies for border management through diplomatic efforts (Shrestha, 2021). But, Nepal's diplomatic efforts in resolving border issues haven't be taken seriously by India as New Delhi expressed its reluctance for a long time citing the unprecedented crisis brought by COVID-19.…”

Section: Nepal's Self-helpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges to Diplomatic Efforts in Resolving Nepal-India Border Problems in the Himalayas: A Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA)

Bhattarai

2021

Nep. Pub. Pol. Rev.

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The Constitutional Provision on Nepal’s Foreign Policy has emphasized securing Nepal’s international borders. Nepal’s Foreign Policy-2077 also demands Nepal’s border to be kept intact by protecting international border points and resolving boundary issues via the means of peaceful diplomatic negotiations and dialogues, based on historic documents, treaties, agreements, facts and evidence. Despite the constitutional provision and foreign policy directives, Nepal’s border problems with its Southern neighbour remain unresolved. Despite having friendly bilateral relations, and cross-border civilizational linkages, Nepal-India relations are not free from border problems. Even during the pandemic, when both countries closed their borders to contain the spread of the coronavirus, they resorted to border confrontations taking the bilateral relations into the low ebb. This study examines the border problems between Nepal and India during the time of COVID-19 with a focus on Lipulekh and Limpiyadhura. Largely concentrated on identifying assorted challenges in resolving Nepal-India border problems, when Nepal faced India with its new map against the latter's new route to Mansarovar, Nepal’s self-help that is limited to diplomatic talks with India has been elaborated along with Indian and Chinese responses to Nepal’s new map and India’s opening of a new route to Mansarovar, respectively. By using Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA) as a tool, this article discusses why diplomatic negotiations haven’t found a headway in the Nepal-India context, despite Nepal's repeated calls. It is a qualitative study that uses data from both primary and secondary sources that include government reports, historical documents, archives, statistics, and treaties. Media sources have also been reviewed to understand various issues of Nepal’s border problems with India. After the coding and familiarisation of the data, analysis and interpretation were done. Highlighting the interconnectedness of the Himalayan geopolitics and India’s securitization of the Himalayan frontier, the article concludes that Nepal’s diplomatic initiative on resolving the border problem has been impacted by power condensation in the Himalaya region and India’s lack of interest.

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Why Does a Border Dispute Exacerbate? Analyzing the India–Nepalese Escalation Over Kalapani Through Securitization Theory

Sharma

2024

Journal of Borderlands Studies

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Diplomacy in the Perspective of Boundaries

Cited by 4 publications

References 7 publications

Important Factors Applicable in Bilateral Relationships and Conflict Resolution

Important Factors Applicable in Bilateral Relationships and Conflict Resolution

Challenges to Diplomatic Efforts in Resolving Nepal-India Border Problems in the Himalayas: A Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA)

Why Does a Border Dispute Exacerbate? Analyzing the India–Nepalese Escalation Over Kalapani Through Securitization Theory

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