DIPLOID‐TETRAPLOID SYMPATRY IN <i>DACTYLIS</i>(GRAMINEAE)

Borrill, Martin; Lindner, R.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1971.tb04594.x

Cited by 46 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…It is noteworthy that essentially all ecological studies of polyploidy from the 1980s to 2000s were performed in autopolyploid complexes. Because of the genetic complexity of allopolyploids and inherent challenges of resolving historical relationships in allopolyploid groups, autopolyploids (often referenced as intraspecific polyploids or chromosome races) were a seemingly simpler and more inviting platform for ecological research [9,11,129,156].…”

Section: The Modern Era (A) An Influx Of Population Biologists (1980smentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological studies of polyploidy in the 100 years following its discovery

Ramsey

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

248

237

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Polyploidy is a mutation with profound phenotypic consequences and thus hypothesized to have transformative effects in plant ecology. This is most often considered in the context of geographical and environmental distributions—as achieved from divergence of physiological and life-history traits—but may also include species interactions and biological invasion. This paper presents a historical overview of hypotheses and empirical data regarding the ecology of polyploids. Early researchers of polyploidy (1910s–1930s) were geneticists by training but nonetheless savvy to its phenotypic effects, and speculated on the importance of genome duplication to adaptation and crop improvement. Cytogenetic studies in the 1930s–1950s indicated that polyploids are larger (sturdier foliage, thicker stems and taller stature) than diploids while cytogeographic surveys suggested that polyploids and diploids have allopatric or parapatric distributions. Although autopolyploidy was initially regarded as common, influential writings by North American botanists in the 1940s and 1950s argued for the principle role of allopolyploidy; according to this view, genome duplication was significant for providing a broader canvas for hybridization rather than for its phenotypic effects per se . The emphasis on allopolyploidy had a chilling effect on nascent ecological work, in part due to taxonomic challenges posed by interspecific hybridization. Nonetheless, biosystematic efforts over the next few decades (1950s–1970s) laid the foundation for ecological research by documenting cytotype distributions and identifying phenotypic correlates of polyploidy. Rigorous investigation of polyploid ecology was achieved in the 1980s and 1990s by population biologists who leveraged flow cytometry for comparative work in autopolyploid complexes. These efforts revealed multi-faceted ecological and phenotypic differences, some of which may be direct consequences of genome duplication. Several classical hypotheses about the ecology of polyploids remain untested, however, and allopolyploidy—regarded by most botanists as the primary mode of genome duplication—is largely unstudied in an ecological context.

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Section: The Modern Era (A) An Influx Of Population Biologists (1980smentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological studies of polyploidy in the 100 years following its discovery

Ramsey

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

248

237

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“…However, ecological segregation at the scale of the range has been described for diploids and autotetraploids of Aclilys triphylla (Fukuda, 1967) and Deschampsia caespitosa (Rothera & Davy, 1986). In hybrid zones, habitat differentiation between diploids and tetraploids has been found repeatedly in Dactylis (Zohary & Nur, 1959;Borrill & Lindner, 1971;Lumaret et aL, 1987) and in Lotus corniculatus sensu lato (Jay et aL, 1991).…”

Section: Ecological Differentiation In Polyploidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…mairei, Borrill & Lindner, 1971;Plantago media, van Dijk, Hartog & van Delden, 1992). However, ecological segregation at the scale of the range has been described for diploids and autotetraploids of Aclilys triphylla (Fukuda, 1967) and Deschampsia caespitosa (Rothera & Davy, 1986).…”

Section: Ecological Differentiation In Polyploidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat differentiation in a narrow hybrid zone between diploid and tetraploid Anthoxanthum alpinum

1996

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summary Populations of diploid and autotetraploid Anthoxanthum alpinum A. & D. Löve formed a narrow hybrid zone in a study area in the Swiss Prealps. Detailed vegetation analyses were performed along transects in several contact zones between the two cytotypes. The vegetation differed according to the position in the hybrid zone. When considering the hybrid zone as a whole, and for one transect that was analysed in detail, there was strong evidence for habitat segregation between the cytotypes. Vegetation transitions, habitat preference and segregation of the two cytotypes differed according to location in the hybrid zone. The origin and dynamics of the hybrid zone are discussed.

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“…Although these are frequently found, many polyploids are described as falling within the range of morphological variation of their diploid progenitors, with only subtle phenotypic effects (e.g. 16,22,85). In plants, polyploidy is sometimes, but not always, associated with larger overall size (114).…”

Section: Effects On Size and Shapementioning

confidence: 99%

Polyploid Incidence and Evolution

Otto

Whitton²

2000

Annu. Rev. Genet.

2,067

1,922

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Changes in ploidy occurred early in the diversification of some animal and plant lineages and represent an ongoing phenomenon in others. While the prevalence of polyploid lineages indicates that this phenomenon is a common and successful evolutionary transition, whether polyploidization itself has a significant effect on patterns and rates of diversification remains an open question. Here we review evidence for the creative role of polyploidy in evolution. We present new estimates for the incidence of polyploidy in ferns and flowering plants based on a simple model describing transitions between odd and even base chromosome numbers. These new estimates indicate that ploidy changes may represent from 2 to 4% of speciation events in flowering plants and 7% in ferns. Speciation via polyploidy is likely to be one of the more predominant modes of sympatric speciation in plants, owing to its potentially broad-scale effects on gene regulation and developmental processes, effects that can produce immediate shifts in morphology, breeding system, and ecological tolerances. Theoretical models support the potential for increased adaptability in polyploid lineages. The evidence suggests that polyploidization can produce shifts in genetic systems and phenotypes that have the potential to result in increased evolutionary diversification, yet conclusive evidence that polyploidy has changed rates and patterns of diversification remains elusive.

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DIPLOID‐TETRAPLOID SYMPATRY IN DACTYLIS(GRAMINEAE)

Cited by 46 publications

References 14 publications

Ecological studies of polyploidy in the 100 years following its discovery

Ecological studies of polyploidy in the 100 years following its discovery

Habitat differentiation in a narrow hybrid zone between diploid and tetraploid Anthoxanthum alpinum

Polyploid Incidence and Evolution

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