Diploid, tetraploid, and octoploid plants from anther culture of tetraploid orchard grass, Dactylis glomerata L.

Abstract

This report describes a study of androgenesis in Dactylis glomerata, where the main aim was to find anther culture-responsive clones. Two types of media and two sugars were compared for their effectiveness in anther culture induction and subsequent plantlet production.Embryo formation from the cultured anthers was obtained from 28 of the 108 cloned genotypes using two different substrates, R2M and FW. Both induction media supported the formation of embryos from the cultured anthers, but around 4.5 times more embryos (0.81 embryos per 100 anthers) were obtained with R2M compared with FW, and R2M also gave 5.5 times more green plants (0.054 green plants per 100 anthers) than the FW substrate.In the investigation of a carbohydrate source, responsive clones from the genotype study were tested using maltose as a substitute for sucrose in R2M. Using maltose instead of sucrose increased embryo formation so that 133 embryos per 100 anthers were obtained compared with 7.1 embryos per 100 anthers obtained with sucrose. The total number of green plants obtained was also improved with maltose compared with sucrose, resulting in 66.3 and 1.9 green plants per 100 cultured anthers, respectively.Dactylis glomerata L. (2n = 4x = 28) is a natural tetraploid and a highly allogamous grass with an effective incompatibility system. It is one of the most widely distributed grasses in the world and contains considerable genetic variation (Borrill 1978, Lumaret 1988). Breeding of the species is complicated by the high degree of heterozygosity and its tetraploid nature, which leads to very heterogeneous populations and limited progress from selection. Reduction of tetraploid D. glomerata to the diploid level would enable more efficient selection for agronomically important traits because of the simpler diploid genetic segregation. In addition, subsequent chromosome doubling of diploids should lead to increased homozygosity and thus increased uniformity of subsequent tetraploid lines, which will improve the accuracy of measurements of combining ability and breeding value.Results of anther culture with orchard grass have been reported by Saito et al. (1973), who obtained two calli from D. glomerata anther culture, one of which regenerated to give an albino plant. Songstad and Conger (1988), working with anther culture in D. glomerata, obtained about 13 000 somatic embryos, of which one might have been of gametic origin.This paper reports the successful induction of diploid, tetraploid, and octoploid regenerants from D. glomerata anther culture. Materials and MethodsThe plant material for the genotype study consisted of 14-16 individual plants from each of 18 autotetraploid {In = 4JC = 28) varieties and breeding populations of orchard grass (Z). glomerata L.). In total, 264 plants were provided by DLF-Trifolium A/S, Denmark. Plants were cloned and represented by one ramet in each of two environments. After vernalization for 4 months at 3-5°C, the plants were grown to flowering under glasshouse conditions. Plants in the first environment were...

Doubled haploidy methodology for three forage grasses [crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.), hybrid bromegrass (Bromus riparius x B. inermis), and meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehm.)]

“…The spring wheat or winter wheat protocols utilized mid to late uninucleate microspores (Wang et al 2019). The mid to late uninucleate microspores have also been used in anther culture of x Festuloium (Festuca pratensis x Lolium multiflorum) (Leśniewska et al 2001), perennial ryegrass (Olesen et al 1988), and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) (Christensen et al 1997). In barley, it was observed for some genotypes that using an earlier developmental stage of pollen grain resulted in fewer albino plants and more regenerated green plants (Gajecka et al 2020).…”

“…From the experiments conducted, the spontaneous doubling rates in meadow bromegrass was high (73%), whereas it was low (2%) for hybrid bromegrass (Table 6). Variation in the ploidy levels of resulting anther culture and microspore culture derived plants have been observed in the literature from haploid, diploid, and higher ploidy levels (Andersen et al 1997;Christensen et al 1997;Guo and Pulli 2000).…”

Karakterisasi Galur Haploid Ganda Hasil Kultur Antera Padi

“…Gabah merupakan komponen hasil yang terpenting pada tanaman padi, karena itu jumlah gabah Christensen et al (1997), selain tanaman haploid dan dihaploid spontan (spontaneous doubled haploid), di antara regeneran asal kultur antera dapat diperoleh tanaman poliploid, mixoploid, dan aneuploid. Tanaman aneuploid secara morfologi serupa dengan tanaman diploid, tetapi perilaku kromosom yang tidak normal dapat menyebabkan laju pembentukan biji lebih rendah pada progeninya.…”

From tetraploid to diploid, a pangenomic approach to identify genes lost during synthetic diploidization of Eragrostis curvula

“…Anthers culture is another mechanism of synthetic diploidization in which the haploid pollen is regenerated into a plant. When the maternal plant is diploid, a duplication is required since the pollen is haploid, while in tetraploids, viable plants can be obtained from diploid pollen ( Cho and Zapata, 1988 ; Christensen et al., 1997 ; Chen et al., 2016 ).…”