Diploid gynogenesis induced by hydrostatic pressure in rainbow trout, <i>Salmo gairdneri</i> Richardson

Lou, Yongli; Purdom, C. E.

doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1984.tb04837.x

Cited by 35 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In many previous studies, it was also reported that tetraploid embryos were successfully induced by the first cleavage inhibition, but they had no survival potential and died soon after hatching or feeding before growing to adult or near-adult size (Lou and Purdom, 1984b;Myers, 1986;Linhart et al, 1991;Arai, 1992;Malison et al, 2001;Sakao et al, 2003). These results suggest that the mortality of tetraploid embryos is not a side effect of the chromosome doubling treatment at the first cleavage, but is the result of the elevation of ploidy status itself, from diploidy to tetraploidy.…”

Section: Mortality Due To Tetraploidymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported that the developmental rate was regulated by the maternal effects such as mitochondrial differences (Robison et al, 1999), egg quality and susceptibility to artificial manipulation (Lou and Purdom, 1984a;Johnstone, 1985;Komen et al, 1991). In this study, the fertilized eggs derived from the same female developed almost synchronously compared to those from the same male, therefore it suggested that the developmental rate should be depending on a maternal effect rather than a paternal one.…”

Section: Factors Affecting the Progression Of The First Cell Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

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Drastic mortality in tetraploid induction results from the elevation of ploidy in masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou

et al. 2006

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Although tetraploidy is considered to be important and useful for the production of sterile triploids and fertile allotetraploids in aquaculture, in most cases the resultant embryos exhibit extremely low survival. In this study, we aimed to clarify the cause of the inviability of tetraploids in masu salmon. Firstly, we compared developmental rates of the first cell cycle among 9 single pairs produced by all possible matings between 3 females and 3 males. The results showed that the fertilized eggs developed almost synchronized among individuals from each pair but asynchronous among pairs and this asynchronous development was more apparent among pairs from different female than those from different male. Secondly, we induced both tetraploidy (4N) and gynogenetic diploidy (G2N) , 7 min duration) for the first cleavage inhibition using single-pair mating. This experiment was designed to verify whether the cause of mortality of induced tetraploidy was the elevated ploidy itself. Eggs from one female were divided into 2 groups and fertilized with normal or UV-irradiated sperm from one male, respectively. Then each group of eggs was subdivided into 6 groups: one was an intact control and the other 5 groups were treated with PS at every 30 min from 5 to 7 hpf at 10 °C. As a result, the treated eggs of 4N and G2N showed the highest survival (90.8% and 60.6%, respectively) and embryogenesis rate (both 100% relative to surviving eggs) at 33 dpf, only when PS treatment was performed at late prometaphase (6 hpf and 6.5 hpf, respectively). The other PS groups showed extremely low survival (1.5-52.8% and 3.1-14.8%), ceased morphogenetic development and developed into only undifferentiated cell masses. This experiment was repeated 2 more times using other single-pair mating and the results showed the same tendency. The embryonic bodies were confirmed by flow cytometry to have approximately objective ploidy, tetraploid, hypo-or hyper-tetraploid in 4N and diploid or hypo diploid in G2N.However, all tetraploid embryos, even those with normal morphology, began to die 3 simultaneously around the hatching period (34 dpf), while G2N embryos showed normal morphology and survived beyond 50 dpf (55.6%). Most tetraploid embryos showed malformation and had very poor vascular systems even in normal-looking ones. These results suggest that the mortality of induced tetraploids depends not only on the side effects of the PS treatment but also strongly depends on the induced tetraploidy itself. 5

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Section: Mortality Due To Tetraploidymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Factors Affecting the Progression Of The First Cell Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Drastic mortality in tetraploid induction results from the elevation of ploidy in masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou

et al. 2006

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“…Survival in control group was 81.09% but survival of triploids was low (46.97%). It has o�en been reported and possibly relates to "egg quality" or to the susceptibility of eggs of different origin to triploidising treatments (Lou and Purdom, 1984;Johnstone, 1985). As MN can occur as a consequence of both structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations (Miller et al, 1998), in this study, the frequencies of micronucleated erythrocytes in a control and heat shocked population of rainbow trout were analysed.…”

Section: Original Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

Micronucleus occurrence in diploid and triploid rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum)

Strunjak‐Perović¹,

Čož‐Rakovac²,

Popović³

2003

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:The aim of the study was to observe the influence of different ploidy levels in fish on micronucleus occurrence. Twenty minutes a�er fertilization, one group of rainbow trout eggs was exposed to water temperatures of 26°C in duration of 20 minutes to induce triploidy. Second group was kept in water temperature of 10°C, which is optimal for development of rainbow trout. The frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes was determined in the peripheral circulation of rainbow trout 67 days (following absorption of the yolk -swim-up stage) and 128 days (fry stage) post fertilization. There was a significant difference (P < 0.001) between frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes of diploid (1.10 ± 0.96‰) and triploid (2.41 ± 1.28‰) fish at swim-up stage. Increased mean values of micronucleus in diploid (1.80 ± 1.57‰) and triploid (5.92 ± 3.80‰) fry were also recorded.

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“…G-C mapping is possible if two of the four strands (halftetrads) from a single meiosis can be recovered (Thorgaard et al 1983). In teleost fish, when eggs are inseminated with UV-irradiated sperm, gynogenetic diploid full-sib progenies representing half-tetrads can be created by preventing release of the second polar body using heat shock, cold shock, or hydrostatic pressure shock techniques (Lou and Purdom 1984;Refstie 1983;Refstie et al 1982). For the maternal parent with a heterozygous genotype at a single gene or codominant marker, heterozygous progenies can be generated if a crossover event occurs between the gene or marker and centromere during meiosis I, while homozygous progenies should be produced when a crossover never occurs.…”

Section: Electronic Supplementary Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microsatellite-centromere mapping in common carp through half-tetrad analysis in diploid meiogynogenetic families

Feng

Wang

et al. 2014

Chromosoma

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Gene-centromere (G-C) mapping provides insights into the understanding of the composition, structure, and evolution of vertebrate genomes. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is an important aquaculture fish and has been proposed to undertake tetraploidization. In this study, we selected 214 informative microsatellite markers across 50 linkage groups of a common carp genetic map to perform genecentromere mapping using half-tetrad analysis. A total of 199 microsatellites were segregated under the Mendelian expectations in at least one of the three gynogenetic families and were used for G-C distance estimation. The G-C recombination frequency (y) ranged from 0 to 0.99 (0.43 on average), corresponding to a fixation index (F) of 0.57 after one generation of gynogenesis. Large y values for some loci together with significant correlation between G-C distances and genetic linkage map distances suggested the presence of high interference in common carp. Under the assumption of complete interference, 50 centromeres were localized onto corresponding linkage groups (LGs) of common carp, with G-C distances of centromere-linked markers per LG ranging from 0 to 10.3 cM (2.9 cM on average). Based on the information for centromere positions, we proposed a chromosome formula of 2n=100=58 m/sm+42 t/st with 158 chromosome arms for common carp, which was similar to a study observed by cytogenetic method. The examination of crossover distributions along 10 LGs revealed that the proportion of crossover chromatids was overall higher than that of non-crossover chromatids in gynogenetic progenies, indicating high recombination levels across most LGs. Comparative genomics analyses suggested that the chromosomes of common carp have undergone extensive rearrangement after genome duplication. This study would be valuable to elucidate the mechanism of genome evolution and integrate physical and genetic maps in common carp.

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Diploid gynogenesis induced by hydrostatic pressure in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson

Cited by 35 publications

References 23 publications

Drastic mortality in tetraploid induction results from the elevation of ploidy in masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou

Drastic mortality in tetraploid induction results from the elevation of ploidy in masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou

Micronucleus occurrence in diploid and triploid rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum)

Microsatellite-centromere mapping in common carp through half-tetrad analysis in diploid meiogynogenetic families

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